arXiv 1504.050652015-04-20quant-phphysics.hist-ph

从宏观物体中的量子动力学中出现的经典动力学，一个简单例子的说明

Classical dynamics emerging from quantum dynamics in macroscopic bodies, a note with a simple example

Victor Romero-Rochin

备注：: 13 pages

摘要：

使用非常普遍的和良好的宏观机构，即那些由许多自由度的统计物理学的想法，我们显示如何经典的行为的质心运动产生从一个完整的量子力学描述的整个身体的动力学。我们并不试图提供一个严格的证明后一种说法，而是，我们显示或至少表明，需要获得预期的结果的假设。此外，我们既不试图处理“最一般”的物理情况，相反，我们集中在一个小固体的程式化模型，但宏观，我们将称为“小石头”。主要的假设是，宏观物体可以分解成几个较小的碎片，仍然是宏观的，由于其组成原子的短程相互作用性质，这些碎片在统计上变得独立。随之而来的主要结果是，身体的广泛变量的量子分布成为尖锐的峰值。质量的质心变量是这种类型的，因此它们的动力学本质上是经典的。我们指出了外部势所起的至关重要的作用，在其中发生的运动，作为宏观代理，执行“测量”过程的质心。

英文摘要：

Using very general and well established ideas of the statistical physics of macroscopic bodies, that is, of those composed of many degrees of freedom, we show how classical behavior of the center of mass motion arises from a fully quantum mechanical description of the dynamics of the whole body. We do not attempt to provide a rigorous proof of the latter statement, but rather, we show or, at least, indicate the hypotheses needed to obtain the purported result. Moreover, we neither attempt to deal with the "most general" physical situation and, instead, we concentrate on a stylized model of a small solid, yet macroscopic, that we shall call a "little stone". The main hypothesis is that a macroscopic body can be decomposed into several smaller pieces, still macroscopic, that become statistically independent due to the short-range interaction nature of their constituent atoms. The ensuing main result is that the quantum distributions of extensive variables of the body become sharply-peaked. The center of mass variables are of this type and hence their dynamics is essentially classical. We point out the crucial role played by the external potential, in which the motion occurs, as the macroscopic agent that executes the "measurement" process of the center of mass.

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