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arXiv 1504.04833astro-ph.HE
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X射线和GeV余辉模拟揭示的GRB爆炸波能量和瞬时效率

Energies of GRB blast waves and prompt efficiencies as implied by modeling of X-ray and GeV afterglows

Paz Beniamini, Lara Nava, Rodolfo Barniol Duran, Tsvi Piran

摘要:

我们考虑一个样本的10个伽玛暴与长期持久($\gtrsim10^2\rm\,sec$)的排放检测费米/LAT和X射线数据周围的$1\,$天也可。我们假设X射线和GeV的发射产生的电子加速在外部向前冲击波,并表明,X射线和GeV通量导致非常不同的估计爆炸波的初始动能。从GeV估计的能量平均是从X射线估计的能量的$\sim50$倍。我们对数据进行建模(也考虑到$1\,$日前后的光学探测,如果有的话),以揭示这种差异的原因,并发现前向激波模型中的良好建模总是可能的,并导致两种可能性:或者是发射电子的X射线(与GeV发射电子不同)处于缓慢冷却状态,或者ii)X射线同步加速器通量被康普顿冷却强烈抑制,而,由于Klein-Nishina抑制,这种效应在GeV能量下要小得多。在这两种情况下,X射线通量不再是冲击波动能的可靠代表。平均而言,两种情况都需要弱磁场($10^{-6}\lesssim ε_B \lesssim 10^{-3}$)和相对大的各向同性动能冲击波能量$10^{53}\rm\,erg<E_{0,kin}<10^{55}\rm\,erg$,对应于准直能量的大下限,对于具有$n\sim 1\mbox{cm}^{-3}$的ISM环境,在$10^{52}\rm\,erg<E_{θ,kin}<5\times10^{52}\rm\,erg$范围内,对于具有$A_* \sim 1$的风环境,在$10^{52}\rm\,erg<E_{θ,kin}<10^{53}\rm\,erg$范围内。这些能量大于仅从X射线通量估计的能量,并且意味着即时效率机制的较小推断值,降低了对负责即时发射的仍然不确定的机制的效率要求。

英文摘要:

We consider a sample of ten GRBs with long lasting ($\gtrsim10^2\rm\,sec$) emission detected by Fermi/LAT and for which X-ray data around $1\,$day are also available. We assume that both the X-rays and the GeV emission are produced by electrons accelerated at the external forward shock, and show that the X-ray and the GeV fluxes lead to very different estimates of the initial kinetic energy of the blast wave. The energy estimated from GeV is on average $\sim50$ times larger than the one estimated from X-rays. We model the data (accounting also for optical detections around $1\,$day, if available) to unveil the reason for this discrepancy and find that good modelling within the forward shock model is always possible and leads to two possibilities: either the X-ray emitting electrons (unlike the GeV emitting electrons) are in the slow cooling regime or ii) the X-ray synchrotron flux is strongly suppressed by Compton cooling, whereas, due to the Klein-Nishina suppression, this effect is much smaller at GeV energies. In both cases the X-ray flux is no longer a robust proxy for the blast wave kinetic energy. On average, both cases require weak magnetic fields ($10^{-6}\lesssim ε_B \lesssim 10^{-3}$) and relatively large isotropic kinetic blast wave energies $10^{53}\rm\,erg<E_{0,kin}<10^{55}\rm\,erg$ corresponding to large lower limits on the collimated energies, in the range $10^{52}\rm\,erg<E_{θ,kin}<5\times10^{52}\rm\,erg$ for an ISM environment with $n\sim 1\mbox{cm}^{-3}$ and $10^{52}\rm\,erg<E_{θ,kin}<10^{53}\rm\,erg$ for a wind environment with $A_* \sim 1$. These energies are larger than those estimated from the X-ray flux alone, and imply smaller inferred values of the prompt efficiency mechanism, reducing the efficiency requirements on the still uncertain mechanism responsible for prompt emission.

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