Kilonovae（Mergernovae）-- I.动态演化与能量注入/加热效应
Engine-fed Kilonovae (Mergernovae) -- I. Dynamical Evolution and Energy Injection / Heating Efficiencies
摘要：
一个双中子星合并预计将与千诺瓦，瞬态光发射由富中子喷出物的放射性衰变提供动力。如果合并后的残余物是一颗长寿的中子星，那么向喷出物注入额外的能量是可能的。在这一系列的第一篇论文中，我们详细研究了发动机供给的kilonova（mergernova）喷出物的动态演化。我们进行了半分析研究的问题，通过采用修改后的机械冲击波模型，调用之间的相互作用坡印廷通量占主导地位的流量和非磁化的大量喷出物。发动机启动后不久，就会激发出一对冲击波。反向激波很快到达风加速区并消失（几秒钟内），而前向激波很快从喷出物中爆发（$10^2$ - $10^3$秒）并继续在周围的星际介质中传播。从发动机注入冲击波的大部分能量以磁能和动能的形式储存。对于质量等于$10^{-3}M_{\odot}$的喷出物，内能分数为$f_{\rm int} < 0.3$。总的来说，能量注入效率$ξ$至多为$\sim 0.6$，并且在以后的时间可以小到$\sim 0.04$。与前面的假设相反，有效加热只发生在前向激波从喷出物中爆发出来之前，加热效率为$ξ_t \sim (0.006 - 0.3)$，之后迅速下降到$\sim 0$。在论文II中将仔细研究发动机供给的kilonova光变曲线。
英文摘要：
A binary neutron star merger is expected to be associated by a kilonova, transient optical emission powered by radioactive decay of the neutron-rich ejecta. If the post-merger remnant is a long-lived neutron star, additional energy injection to the ejecta is possible. In this first paper of a series, we study the dynamical evolution of the engine-fed kilonova (mergernova) ejecta in detail. We perform a semi-analytical study of the problem by adopting a modified mechanical blastwave model that invokes interaction between a Poynting-flux-dominated flow and a non-magnetized massive ejecta. Shortly after the engine is turned on, a pair of shocks would be excited. The reverse shock quickly reaches the wind-acceleration region and disappears (in a few seconds), whereas the forward shock soon breaks out from the ejecta (in $10^2$ - $10^3$ seconds) and continues to propagate in the surrounding interstellar medium. Most of the energy injected into the blastwave from the engine is stored as magnetic energy and kinetic energy. The internal energy fraction is $f_{\rm int} < 0.3$ for an ejecta mass equal to $10^{-3}M_{\odot}$. Overall, the energy injecting efficiency $ξ$ is at most $\sim 0.6$ and can be as small as $\sim 0.04$ at later times. Contrary to the previous assumption, efficient heating only happens before the forward shock breaks out of the ejecta with a heating efficiency $ξ_t \sim (0.006 - 0.3)$, which rapidly drops to $\sim 0$ afterwards. The engine-fed kilonova lightcurves will be carefully studied in Paper II.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
