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arXiv 1504.03347astro-ph.SR
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中等质量原恒星的远红外CO和H $_2$ O发射

Far infrared CO and H$_2$O emission in intermediate-mass protostars

M. Matuszak, A. Karska, L. E. Kristensen, G. J. Herczeg, L. Tychoniec, T. van Kempen, A. Fuente

摘要:

中等质量的年轻恒星天体(YSO)提供了一个链接,以了解如何从低质量到高质量恒星形成区域的冲击和紫外线辐射的反馈尺度。目的:我们的目的是分析深埋中等质量YSO中CO和H $_2$ O的激发,并与低质量和高质量YSO进行比较。方法:利用$L_\mathrm{bol}\sim10^2 - 10^3$ $L_\odot$辐射热光度计,对6颗YSO的Herschel/PACS光谱图进行分析。这些地图涵盖了位于$\sim55-210$ $μ$ m范围内的几条CO和H $_2$ O线中$\sim 10^4$ AU的空间尺度。结果如下:CO的旋转图显示两个温度分量在$T_\mathrm{rot}\sim320$ K和$T_\mathrm{rot}\sim700-800$ K,相当于低质量和高质量的原恒星探测在类似的空间尺度。H $_2$ O的图显示了一个在$T_\mathrm{rot}\sim130$ K的单一成分,就像在低质量原恒星中看到的那样,而$100$ K比高质量原恒星低。由于$T_\mathrm{rot}$的不确定性与中等质量和高质量原恒星之间的差异在同一个数量级,因此我们无法得出结论,旋转温度的变化是否发生在特定的光度下,或者从低质量到高质量的YSO的变化是否更为渐进。结论:中等质量原恒星的分子激发与低质量原恒星的中央$10^{3}$ AU相当,并且在$3\cdot10^{3}$ AU尺度下探测的高质量原恒星的不确定性范围内是一致的,这表明在所有这些来源中存在类似的冲击条件。

英文摘要:

Intermediate-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) provide a link to understand how feedback from shocks and UV radiation scales from low to high-mass star forming regions. Aims: Our aim is to analyze excitation of CO and H$_2$O in deeply-embedded intermediate-mass YSOs and compare with low-mass and high-mass YSOs. Methods: Herschel/PACS spectral maps are analyzed for 6 YSOs with bolometric luminosities of $L_\mathrm{bol}\sim10^2 - 10^3$ $L_\odot$. The maps cover spatial scales of $\sim 10^4$ AU in several CO and H$_2$O lines located in the $\sim55-210$ $μ$m range. Results: Rotational diagrams of CO show two temperature components at $T_\mathrm{rot}\sim320$ K and $T_\mathrm{rot}\sim700-800$ K, comparable to low- and high-mass protostars probed at similar spatial scales. The diagrams for H$_2$O show a single component at $T_\mathrm{rot}\sim130$ K, as seen in low-mass protostars, and about $100$ K lower than in high-mass protostars. Since the uncertainties in $T_\mathrm{rot}$ are of the same order as the difference between the intermediate and high-mass protostars, we cannot conclude whether the change in rotational temperature occurs at a specific luminosity, or whether the change is more gradual from low- to high-mass YSOs. Conclusions: Molecular excitation in intermediate-mass protostars is comparable to the central $10^{3}$ AU of low-mass protostars and consistent within the uncertainties with the high-mass protostars probed at $3\cdot10^{3}$ AU scales, suggesting similar shock conditions in all those sources.

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