We investigate the power of the caustic technique for identifying substructures of galaxy clusters from optical redshift data alone. The caustic technique is designed to estimate the mass profile of galaxy clusters to radii well beyond the virial radius, where dynamical equilibrium does not hold. Two by-products of this technique are the identification of the cluster members and the identification of the cluster substructures. We test the caustic technique as a substructure detector on two samples of 150 mock redshift surveys of clusters; the clusters are extracted from a large cosmological $N$-body simulation of a $Λ$CDM model and have masses of $M_{200} \sim 10^{14} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ and $M_{200} \sim 10^{15} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ in the two samples. We limit our analysis to substructures identified in the simulation with masses larger than $10^{13} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$. With mock redshift surveys with 200 galaxies within $3R_{200}$, (1) the caustic technique recovers $\sim 30-50$\% of the real substructures, and (2) $\sim 15-20$\% of the substructures identified by the caustic technique correspond to real substructures of the central cluster, the remaining fraction being low-mass substructures, groups or substructures of clusters in the surrounding region, or chance alignments of unrelated galaxies. These encouraging results show that the caustic technique is a promising approach for investigating the complex dynamics of galaxy clusters.
Caustic crossings in giant arcs with extended dark matter objects
Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Department of Physics, Durham University(达勒姆大学粒子物理现象学研究所);Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所)
Dark matter under the microscope: Constraining compact dark matter with caustic crossing events
一个星系团就像是一个宇宙望远镜,在背景星系的上方,但也像是一个透镜缺陷的宇宙显微镜。透镜焦散线的发散放大增强了透镜质量内存在的子结构的微透镜效应。当移动的背景光源在穿过这些焦散时变亮和消失时,可以访问精细尺度结构。最近在星系团MACSJ1149.5+2223的爱因斯坦半径附近发现了一颗遥远的透镜恒星(Kelly et al. 2017),这使得通过超临界的星系团物质柱达到太阳下质量微透镜的机会非常难得。在这里,我们将这些观测结果与高分辨率的光线跟踪模拟进行比较,其中包括由观测到的星团内星光和可能对最近观测到的LIGO事件负责的原始黑洞所设置的恒星微透镜。我们探索不同的方案与微透镜从群内介质和黑洞,包括原始的,并研究策略,利用这些独特的路线。我们发现,最好的约束在小质量制度的紧凑的暗物质的分数可以得到在集群内介质中发挥的作用可以忽略不计的区域。这种新的透镜现象应该是广泛的,可以在适度红移的透镜星系中检测到,这样光度距离就不会对检测单个放大恒星造成阻碍。连续的{ \it哈勃太空望远镜}监测几个这样的最佳弧将得到前所未有的致密物体的质谱,这有助于揭示暗物质的性质。
Statistics of Microlensing Caustic Crossings in Q~2237+0305: Peculiar Velocity of the Lens Galaxy and Accretion Disk Size
本文利用透镜系统Q~2237+0305中微透镜效应引起的焦散渡的统计特性研究透镜星系的特有速度。我们计算了一个全面的家庭的恒星质量函数的焦散交叉率,并找到一个依赖的平均焦散交叉数与有效的横向速度和平均质量,$\langle n \rangle \propto {v_{eff} / \sqrt{\langle m \rangle}}$,相当于相同质量的微透镜的情况下的理论预测。我们探索了使用$\sim$ 12年OGLE监测Q 2237+0305的4个图像测量$v_{eff}$的方法的可能性。为了确定$v_{eff}$的下限,我们保守地计算文献中确定的4个高放大倍数事件(加上我们提出的一个额外事件)中每一个的单个焦散线交叉,以获得68\%置信度的$v_{eff} \gtrsim 240\sqrt{\langle m \rangle/0.17M_\odot}\rm\,km\, s^{-1}$。从这个值和4个高放大率事件的平均$FWHM$中,我们得到了源半径($r_s=FWHM/2.35$)的下限$r_s \gtrsim 1.4 \sqrt{\langle m \rangle/0.17M_\odot}$光日。初步确定的3个额外的焦散交叉事件导致估计$v_{eff}\simeq (493\pm 246)\sqrt{\langle m \rangle/0.17M_\odot}\rm\,km\,…
First Statistical Study of Over 100 Magnified Stellar Events at Redshift $z \approx 0.725$ with JWST
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所);Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森天体物理中心);Chiba University(千叶大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)(奥地利科学与技术研究所);Tsinghua University(清华大学);The University of Hong Kong(香港大学);The Hong Kong Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Hong Kong(香港大学香港天文与天体物理研究所);University of Basque Country UPV/EHU(巴斯克地区大学);Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science(伊卡巴斯基,巴斯克科学基金会)
Extending the cosmic distance ladder two orders of magnitude with strongly lensed Cepheids, carbon AGB, and RGB stars
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所);Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛与史密森尼天体物理中心);School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学地球与空间探索学院)