arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1402.3568astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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z>2时快速形成的富星系团和成员星系的前身星系的鉴别

Identification of the progenitors of rich clusters and member galaxies in rapid formation at z>2

Rhythm Shimakawa, Tadayuki Kodama, Ken-ichi Tadaki, Ichi Tanaka, Masao Hayashi, Yusei Koyama

摘要:

利用Subaru望远镜上的多目标红外照相摄谱仪(MOIRCS)对射电星系(PKS 1138 -262,$z$ =2.2; USS 1558 -003,$z$ =2.5)周围的两个原星系团的H $α$发射体(HAE)进行了近红外光谱测量。在从我们的窄带成像构建的HAE候选人中,我们已经确认了27和36个HAE的成员资格,分别为原星团,我们观察到的目标的成功率为70%。大量的光谱确认的成员,每个集群使我们能够第一次揭示详细的运动学结构的原团在$z$ $>$ 2。这些星系团显示出明显的亚结构,如团块、细丝和速度梯度,这表明它们仍处于快速建造的过程中,以便在以后的时间里成长为丰富的星系团。我们还估计动态质量的集群和子结构假设其本地维里化。如果我们考虑到星系团典型的质量增长历史,原星系团核心的推断质量($\sim$ 10 $^{14}$ M $_\odot$)与现今最大质量星系团($\sim$ 10 $^{15}$ M $_\odot$)的典型祖先是一致的。然后,我们计算了由动力学质量归一化的原星团核心的综合恒星形成率,并将其与较低红移的后代进行比较。当我们回到110亿年前时,我们看到星团核心的恒星形成活动显著增加,几乎增加了三个数量级;这相当于(1 $+$ $z$)$^6$。

英文摘要:

We present the results of near-infrared spectroscopy of H$α$ emitters (HAEs) associated with two protoclusters around radio galaxies (PKS1138-262 at $z$=2.2 and USS1558-003 at $z$=2.5) with Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (MOIRCS) on the Subaru telescope. Among the HAE candidates constructed from our narrow-band imaging, we have confirmed membership of 27 and 36 HAEs for the respective protoclusters, with a success rate of 70 per cent of our observed targets. The large number of spectroscopically confirmed members per cluster has enabled us for the first time to reveal the detailed kinematical structures of the protoclusters at $z$$>$2. The clusters show prominent substructures such as clumps, filaments and velocity gradients, suggesting that they are still in the midst of rapid construction to grow to rich clusters at later times. We also estimate dynamical masses of the clusters and substructures assuming their local virialization. The inferred masses ($\sim$10$^{14}$M$_\odot$) of the protocluster cores are consistent with being typical progenitors of the present-day most massive class of galaxy clusters ($\sim$10$^{15}$M$_\odot$) if we take into account the typical mass growth history of clusters. We then calculated the integrated star formation rates of the protocluster cores normalized by the dynamical masses, and compare these with lower redshift descendants. We see a marked increase of star-forming activities in the cluster cores, by almost three orders of magnitude, as we go back in time to 11 billion years ago; this scales as (1$+$$z$)$^6$.

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