分段均匀线性介质的连续电动力学
Continuum Electrodynamics of a Piecewise-Homogeneous Linear Medium
摘要：
能量-动量张量和张量连续性方程作为连续流的能量、线动量和角动量的守恒定律。先前，我们推导了覆盖有梯度折射率减反射膜的均匀线性电介质中的宏观电磁场的运动方程（J. Math Phys.55，042901（2014））。这些结果是一致的电磁张量连续性方程的限制，反射和伴随的表面力是可以忽略不计的，从而满足条件的畅通无阻的流动在一个封闭的系统。在这里，我们采取下一步，并推导出运动方程的宏观领域的限制情况下，一个分段均匀的简单线性电介质。在两种不同的均匀线性材料之间的界面上的辐射表面力的存在意味着能量-动量形式主义必须被修改，以处理单独的均匀介质中的领域连接的边界条件在界面上。我们证明了明确的分离的总动量成一个字段组件和材料运动组件，我们推导出辐射压力，将动量从字段的材料，我们推导出电磁连续性方程的分段均匀的电介质，我们提供了一个清晰的重新解释琼斯和理查兹实验。
英文摘要：
The energy--momentum tensor and the tensor continuity equation serve as the conservation laws of energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum for a continuous flow. Previously, we derived equations of motion for macroscopic electromagnetic fields in a homogeneous linear dielectric medium that is draped with a gradient-index antireflection coating (J. Math Phys. 55, 042901 (2014) ). These results are consistent with the electromagnetic tensor continuity equation in the limit that reflections and the accompanying surface forces are negligible thereby satisfying the condition of an unimpeded flow in a thermodynamically closed system. Here, we take the next step and derive equations of motion for the macroscopic fields in the limiting case of a piecewise-homogeneous simple linear dielectric medium. The presence of radiation surface forces on the interface between two different homogeneous linear materials means that the energy--momentum formalism must be modified to treat separate homogeneous media in which the fields are connected by boundary conditions at the interfaces. We demonstrate the explicit separation of the total momentum into a field component and a material motion component, we derive the radiation pressure that transfers momentum from the field to the material, we derive the electromagnetic continuity equations for a piecewise homogeneous dielectric, and we provide a lucid reinterpretation of the Jones and Richards experiment.
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