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arXiv 1503.06188math.COcs.DMmath.DS
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等分布无限排列的极小复杂性

Minimal complexity of equidistributed infinite permutations

Sergey V. Avgustinovich, Anna E. Frid, Svetlana Puzynina

摘要:

无限排列是自然数集合的线性排序。一个无限排列可以定义为一个实数序列,其中只考虑元素的元素的阶。本文研究了一类新的{ \it等分布}无穷置换,即可由等分布序列定义的无穷置换.类似于无限字,无限排列的复杂度$p(n)$被定义为计算其长度为$n$的子排列的数量的函数。对于无限字,Morse和Hedlund在1938年的一个经典结果指出,如果一个无限字的复杂度对于某些$n$满足$p(n) \leq n$,那么这个字最终是周期的。因此,非周期字的最小复杂度等于$n+1$,具有这种复杂度的字称为Sturmian。对于无限排列,这并不成立:存在复杂度函数任意缓慢增长的非周期排列,因此不存在最小复杂度的排列。我们发现,不同于一般的排列,最小的复杂性的等分布排列$α$是$p_α(n)=n$。最小复杂度的等分布排列类与所谓的Sturmian排列类相一致,直接与Sturmian词相关。

英文摘要:

An infinite permutation is a linear ordering of the set of natural numbers. An infinite permutation can be defined by a sequence of real numbers where only the order of elements is taken into account. In the paper we investigate a new class of {\it equidistributed} infinite permutations, that is, infinite permutations which can be defined by equidistributed sequences. Similarly to infinite words, a complexity $p(n)$ of an infinite permutation is defined as a function counting the number of its subpermutations of length $n$. For infinite words, a classical result of Morse and Hedlund, 1938, states that if the complexity of an infinite word satisfies $p(n) \leq n$ for some $n$, then the word is ultimately periodic. Hence minimal complexity of aperiodic words is equal to $n+1$, and words with such complexity are called Sturmian. For infinite permutations this does not hold: There exist aperiodic permutations with complexity functions growing arbitrarily slowly, and hence there are no permutations of minimal complexity. We show that, unlike for permutations in general, the minimal complexity of an equidistributed permutation $α$ is $p_α(n)=n$. The class of equidistributed permutations of minimal complexity coincides with the class of so-called Sturmian permutations, directly related to Sturmian words.

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