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arXiv 1503.04329cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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Dirac和Weyl半金属中手征反常的光电子能谱可视化

Visualizing the chiral anomaly in Dirac and Weyl semimetals with photoemission spectroscopy

Jan Behrends, Adolfo G. Grushin, Teemu Ojanen, Jens H. Bardarson

摘要:

量子反常是量子涨落对经典对称性的破坏。它们决定了从基本粒子到晶体材料的不同性质的物理系统如何对外部扰动作出拓扑反应,而对局部细节不敏感。反常范例是由手征反常的发现引发的,手征反常有助于π介子衰变为光子,并影响$^3$ He-A中超流涡旋的运动。在固态下,它也从根本上影响拓扑Weyl和狄拉克半金属的性质,最近在TaAs,Na $_3$ Bi,Cd $_3$ As $_2$和ZrTe $_{5}$中实验实现。在这项工作中,我们提出的手征异常,不同的手征费米子之间的电荷密度不平衡的非正交电场和磁场诱导的最确定的后果,可以直接观察到这些材料与现有的技术的光电子能谱。与角度分辨率,手征异常被识别的特征注意到形状的图案的发射光谱,起源于不平衡的占领的体状态和以前未报道的动量依赖的能量转移的表面状态费米弧。我们进一步证明,手性异常同样留下的角度平均发射光谱的印记,方便其实验检测。因此,我们的工作提供了必要的理论输入,以促进凝聚态物质中的手征异常的直接可视化。

英文摘要:

Quantum anomalies are the breaking of a classical symmetry by quantum fluctuations. They dictate how physical systems of diverse nature, ranging from fundamental particles to crystalline materials, respond topologically to external perturbations, insensitive to local details. The anomaly paradigm was triggered by the discovery of the chiral anomaly that contributes to the decay of pions into photons and influences the motion of superfluid vortices in $^3$He-A. In the solid state, it also fundamentally affects the properties of topological Weyl and Dirac semimetals, recently realized experimentally in TaAs, Na$_3$Bi, Cd$_3$As$_2$, and ZrTe$_{5}$. In this work we propose that the most identifying consequence of the chiral anomaly, the charge density imbalance between fermions of different chirality induced by non-orthogonal electric and magnetic fields, can be directly observed in these materials with the existing technology of photoemission spectroscopy. With angle resolution, the chiral anomaly is identified by a characteristic note-shaped pattern of the emission spectra, originating from the imbalanced occupation of the bulk states and a previously unreported momentum dependent energy shift of the surface state Fermi arcs. We further demonstrate that the chiral anomaly likewise leaves an imprint in angle averaged emission spectra, facilitating its experimental detection. Thereby, our work provides essential theoretical input to foster the direct visualization of the chiral anomaly in condensed matter.

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