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arXiv 1503.04185cond-mat.mes-hall
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三带半金属的极小电导率、拓扑Berry缠绕和对偶性

Minimal conductivity, topological Berry winding and duality in three-band semimetals

Thibaud Louvet, Pierre Delplace, Andrei A. Fedorenko, David Carpentier

摘要:

随着石墨烯的发现,无质量相对论量子粒子的物理学最近出现在固体的电子性质中。围绕两个能带的偶然交叉,电子激发描述的外尔方程最初导出的超相对论粒子。类似的三带和四带半金属最近在二维和三维中被发现。石墨烯的显著特征之一是通过拓扑Berry缠绕表征能带交叉,导致异常量子霍尔效应,以及在能带交叉处的有限最小电导率,而电子密度消失。在这里,我们表明,这两个属性是密切相关的:这一结果铺平了道路,直接测量的拓扑性质的半金属。通过考虑三带半金属与一个平面带在二维,我们发现,只有少数支持拓扑Berry相。相同的半金属是唯一在能带交叉处显示非零最小电导率的半金属。最小电导率和拓扑鲁棒性的存在源于底层晶格的性质,这些性质不是由其布洛赫哈密顿量的对称性编码的,而是由对偶性编码的。

英文摘要:

The physics of massless relativistic quantum particles has recently arisen in the electronic properties of solids following the discovery of graphene. Around the accidental crossing of two energy bands, the electronic excitations are described by a Weyl equation initially derived for ultra-relativistic particles. Similar three and four band semimetals have recently been discovered in two and three dimensions. Among the remarkable features of graphene are the characterization of the band crossings by a topological Berry winding, leading to an anomalous quantum Hall effect, and a finite minimal conductivity at the band crossing while the electronic density vanishes. Here we show that these two properties are intimately related: this result paves the way to a direct measure of the topological nature of a semi-metal. By considering three band semimetals with a flat band in two dimensions, we find that only few of them support a topological Berry phase. The same semimetals are the only ones displaying a non vanishing minimal conductivity at the band crossing. The existence of both a minimal conductivity and a topological robustness originates from properties of the underlying lattice, which are encoded not by a symmetry of their Bloch Hamiltonian, but by a duality.

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