In this paper we introduce Schwartz operators as a non-commutative analog of Schwartz functions and provide a detailed discussion of their properties. We equip them in particular with a number of different (but equivalent) families of seminorms which turns the space of Schwartz operators into a Frechet space. The study of the topological dual leads to non-commutative tempered distributions which are discussed in detail as well. We show in particular that the latter can be identified with a certain class of quadratic forms, therefore making operations like products with bounded (and also some unbounded) operators and quantum harmonic analysis available to objects which are otherwise too singular for being a Hilbert space operator. Finally we show how the new methods can be applied by studying operator moment problems and convergence properties of fluctuation operators.
Differential operators on Schwartz distributions conventionally are defined as the transpose of differential operators on functions with compact support. They do not exhaust all differential operators. We follow algebraic formalism of differential operators on modules over commutative rings. In a general setting, Schwartz distributions on sections with compact support of vector bundles over an arbitrary smooth manifold are considered.
We show that if the Wigner function of a (possibly mixed) quantum state decays toward infinity faster than any polynomial in the phase space variables $x$ and $p$, then so do all of its derivatives, i.e., it is a Schwartz function on phase space. This is equivalent to the condition that the Husimi function is a Schwartz function, that the quantum state is a Schwartz operator in the sense of Keyl et al., and, in the case of a pure state, that the wavefunction is a Schwartz function on configuration space. We discuss the interpretation of this constraint on Wigner functions and provide explicit …
Using an extension of the Hörmander product of distributions, we obtain an intrinsic formulation of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with singular potentials. This formulation is entirely defined in terms of standard {\it Schwartz} distributions and does not require (as some previous approaches) the use of more general distributions or generalized functions. We determine, in the new formulation, the action and domain of the Schrödinger operators with arbitrary singular boundary potentials. We also consider the inverse problem, and obtain a general procedure for constructing the singular (…
We investigate the $τ$-quantizations and Cohen's class distributions of a suitable class of trace-class operators, called Feichtinger's operators, and show that it is a convenient substitute for the class of Schwartz operators. Many well-known concepts and results for functions in time-frequency analysis have an operator-analog in our setting, e.g. that Cohen's classes are convolutions of Wigner functions with distributions or characterization of the class of Schwartz operators as an intersection of weighted variants of the class of Feichtinger operators.
There is studied problem on existence of solutions to non-homogeneous differential equation of higher even order. Similar problem arises while studying soliton and soliton-like solutions to partial differential equations of integrable type. By means of Fourier transform and theory of pseudodifferential operators there is proved the theorem on necessary and sufficient conditions on existence of solutions to linear non-homogeneous differential equation of higher even order in the Schwartz space.
A proof that minimum uncertainty states of the simplest periodic quantum system exist in a state space that is represented by a Colombeau algebra of generalised functions but not in Hilbert space or in the space of Schwartz distributions is given. There are two significant generalisations of Hilbert space that lead to the special Colombeau algebra. The first step is to a vector space of Schwartz distributions that contains the eigenstates of operators with continuous spectra, the second is to a Colombeau algebra that provides a solution for a differential equation with non-constant coefficient…
Looking for the universal covering of the smooth non-commutative torus leads to a curve of associative multiplications on the space $\Cal O_M'(\Bbb R^{2n})\cong \Cal O_C(\Bbb R^{2n})$ of Laurent Schwartz which is smooth in the deformation parameter $\hbar$. The Taylor expansion in $\hbar$ leads to the formal Moyal star product. The non-commutative torus and this version of the Heisenberg plane are examples of smooth *-algebras: smooth in the sense of having many derivations. A tentative definition of this concept is given.
We consider a reducible unitary representation of Heisenberg-Weyl group in a tensor product of two Hilbert spaces. A non-commutative operator graph generated by this representation is introduced. It is shown that spectral projections of unitaries in the representation are anticliques (quantum error-correcting codes) for this graph. The obtained codes are appeared to be linear envelopes of entangled vectors.
We continue the study of non-commutative operator graphs generated by resolutions of identity covariant with respect to unitary actions of the circle group and the Heisenber-Weyl group as well. It is shown that the graphs generated by the circle group has the system of unitary generators fulfilling permutations of basis vectors. For the graph generated by the Heisenberg-Weyl group the explicit formula for a dimension is given. Thus, we found a new description of the linear structure for the operator graphs introduced in our previous works.
We study a model of repeated interaction between quantum systems which can be thought of as a non-commutative Markov chain. It is shown that there exists an outgoing Cuntz scattering system associated to this model which induces an input-output formalism with a transfer function corresponding to a multi-analytic operator, in the sense of multivariate operator theory. Finally we show that observability for this system is closely related to the scattering theory of non-commutative Markov chains.
In this work, we construct commutative rings of two variable matrix differential operators that are isomorphic to a ring of meromorphic functions on a rational manifold obtained from the $CP^1\times CP^1$ by identification of two lines with the pole on a certain rational curve.
We characterize the Schwartz kernels of pseudodifferential operators of Shubin type by means of an FBI transform. Based on this we introduce as a generalization a new class of tempered distributions called Shubin conormal distributions. We study their transformation behavior, normal forms and microlocal properties.
We classify the twists of almost commutative spectral triples that keep the Hilbert space and the Dirac operator untouched. The involved twisting operator is shown to be the product of the grading of a manifold by a finite dimensional operator, which is not necessarily a grading of the internal space. Necessary and sufficient constraints on this operator are listed.
We study relations between non-commutative Ruelle transfer operators over the C$^*$-algebra $B(\mathcal{H})$ of linear bounded operators over separable Hilbert spaces $\mathcal{H}$ (infinite-dimensional) and other completely positive maps. Transfer operators possess a simple description in terms of the so called non-commutative Radon-Nikodym derivatives. We describe the problem of existence of a largest positive eigenvalue associated to a positive eigenfunction and uniform convergence of sequences of iterates of transfer operators over $B(\mathcal{H})$. Part of the proof related to the Ruelle-…
We construct new examples of multidimensional commuting matrix differential operators and a multidimensional analog of the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili hierarchy.
In this paper we study self-adjoint commuting ordinary differential operators. We find sufficient conditions when an operator of fourth order commuting with an operator of order $4g+2$ is self-adjoint. We introduce an equation on coefficients of the self-adjoint operator of order four and some additional data. With the help of this equation we find the first example of commuting differential operators of rank two corresponding to a spectral curve of arbitrary genus. These operators have polynomial coefficients and define commutative subalgebras of the first Weyl algebra.
Links of factorization theory, supersymmetry and Darboux transformations as isospectral deformations are considered in the context of quantum theory. The infinite chain equations for factorizing operators for a spectral problem are derived. A closure of the chain defines a symmetry of the system. Examples of matrix-differential operators of Pauli and Dirac type are analyzed.
For differential operators which are invariant under the action of an abelian group Bloch theory is the preferred tool to analyze spectral properties. By shedding some new non-commutative light on this we motivate the introduction of a non-commutative Bloch theory for elliptic operators on Hilbert C*-modules. It relates properties of C*-algebras to spectral properties of module operators such as band structure, weak genericity of cantor spectra, and absence of discrete spectrum. It applies e.g. to differential operators invariant under a projective group action, such as Schroedinger, Dirac and…
The essential self-adjointness of the wave operator on radiative spacetimes
Mathematical Sciences Institute, Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学数学科学研究所）；Department of Physics and Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University（斯坦福大学物理系与斯坦福理论物理研究所）；Department of Mathematics, Northwestern University（西北大学数学系）
We construct examples of commuting ordinary scalar differential operators with polynomial coefficients that are related to a spectral curve of an arbitrary genus g and to an arbitrary even rank r = 2k, and also to an arbitrary rank of the form r = 3k, of the vector bundle of common eigenfunctions of the commuting operators over the spectral curve.
We explicitly compute the local invariants (heat kernel coefficients) of a conformally deformed non-commutative $d$-torus using multiple operator integrals. We derive a recursive formula that easily produces an explicit expression for the local invariants of any order $k$ and in any dimension $d$. Our recursive formula can conveniently produce all formulas related to the modular operator, which before were obtained in incremental steps for $d\in\{2,4\}$ and $k\in\{0,2,4\}$. We exemplify this by writing down some known ($k=2$, $d=2$) and some novel ($k=2$, $d\geq 3$) formulas in the modular ope…
We study evolution equations associated to time-dependent dissipative non-selfadjoint quadratic operators. We prove that the solution operators to these non-autonomous evolution equations are given by Fourier integral operators whose kernels are Gaussian tempered distributions associated to non-negative complex symplectic linear transformations, and we derive a generalized Mehler formula for their Weyl symbols. Some applications to the study of the propagation of Gabor singularities (characterizing the lack of Schwartz regularity) for the solutions to non-autonomous quadratic evolution equatio…
For differential operators which are invariant under the action of an abelian group Bloch theory is the tool of choice to analyze spectral properties. By shedding some new non-commutative light on this we motivate the introduction of a non-commutative Bloch theory for elliptic operators on Hilbert C*-modules. It relates properties of C*-algebras to spectral properties of module operators such as band structure, weak genericity of cantor spectra, and absence of discrete spectrum. It applies e.g. to differential operators invariant under a projective group action, such as Schroedinger operators …
We construct a cofibrantly generated model structure on the category of differential non-negatively graded quasi-coherent commutative $D_X$-algebras, where $D_X$ is the sheaf of differential operators of a smooth afine algebraic variety X. The paper contains an extensive appendix on D-modules, sheaves versus global sections, some more technical model categorical issues, as well as on relative Sullivan algebras. This article is the first of a series of works -located at the interface of homotopical algebra, algebraic geometry, and mathematical physics - on a derived D-geometric approach to the …
