The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) telescope on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) provides coronal EUV imaging over a broader temperature sensitivity range than the previous generations of instruments (EUVI, EIT, and TRACE). Differential emission measure tomography (DEMT) of the solar corona based on AIA data is presented here for the first time. The main product of DEMT is the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the local differential emission measure (LDEM). While in previous studies, based on EIT or EUVI data, there were 3 available EUV bands, with a sensitivity range $\sim 0.60 - 2.70$ MK, the present study is based on the 4 cooler AIA bands (aimed at studying the quiet sun), sensitive to the range $\sim 0.55 - 3.75$ MK. The AIA filters allow exploration of new parametric LDEM models. Since DEMT is better suited for lower activity periods, we use data from Carrington Rotation 2099, when the Sun was in its most quiescent state during the AIA mission. Also, we validate the parametric LDEM inversion technique by applying it to standard bi-dimensional (2D) differential emission measure (DEM) analysis on sets of simultaneous AIA images, and comparing the results with DEM curves obtained using other methods. Our study reveals a ubiquitous bimodal LDEM distribution in the quiet diffuse corona, which is stronger for denser regions. We argue that the nanoflare heating scenario is less likely to explain these results, and that alternative mechanisms, such as wave dissipation appear better supported by our results.
A Comparison of the Red and Green Coronal Line Intensities at the 29 March 2006 and the 1 August 2008 Total Solar Eclipses: Considerations of the Temperature of the Solar Corona
Total solar eclipses (TSEs) provide a unique opportunity to quantify the properties of the K-corona (electrons), F-corona (dust) and E-corona (ions) continuously from the solar surface out to a few solar radii. We apply a novel inversion method to separate emission from the K- and F-corona continua using unpolarized total brightness (tB) observations from five 0.5 nm bandpasses acquired during the 2019 July 2 TSE between 529.5 nm and 788.4 nm. The wavelength dependence relative to the photosphere (i.e., color) of the F-corona itself is used to infer the tB of the K- and F-corona for each line-…
Coronal Bright Points as possible sources of density variations in the Solar Corona
最近对日地关系天文台（STEREO）在太阳活动极大期附近拍摄的高节奏白光图像的分析表明，外流密度结构在太阳风中以一种普遍存在的方式释放。本研究调查这些密度波动是否可能起源于日冕亮点（CBP）期间观察到的低日冕的瞬态加热。我们假设，在CBP期间测量到的强烈加热的一部分发生在日冕底部的开放磁场，通道形成太阳风。我们采用太阳风模型MULTI-VP来量化由瞬态加热引起的等离子体压缩，并研究所引起的扰动如何传播到上日冕。我们表明，与统计学比较，在CBPs中观察到的压缩波最初增加了局部等离子体密度的一个因素高达50 $\%$在5 R $_\odot$的加热速率。波迅速扩大超过30个太阳半径和密度的局部增强减少超过。基于在以前的研究中测量的CBPs的发生率，我们施加瞬态加热事件在数千个开放的磁场线的基础上，研究整个3-D电晕的响应。然后，模拟的密度立方体被转换成合成白光图像。我们表明，由此产生的亮度变化占据所有的位置角的时间尺度上的小时的图像。我们的结论是，一个显着的一部分，无处不在的亮度变化的太阳日冕可能起源于强大的瞬态加热的流管引起的CBPs。
The hot solar corona exists because of the balance between radiative and conductive cooling and some counteracting heating mechanism which remains one of the major puzzles in solar physics. The coronal thermal equilibrium is perturbed by magnetoacoustic waves which are abundantly present in the corona, causing a misbalance between the heating and cooling rates. Due to this misbalance, the wave experiences a back-reaction, either losing or gaining energy from the energy supply that heats the plasma, at the time scales comparable to the wave period. In particular, the plasma can be subject to wa…
Operating experience from fusion research shows how Spitzer resistivity may render ohmic heating in the chromosphere self limiting and thus serve to define the lower margin of the transition region. Its upper margin is at about 6000 K, where radiative cooling of He:H plasma decelerates sharply. The third and last stage in the proposed scheme is expansion into the tenuous plasma of space, which leads to the acceleration of ions to high energies, long recorded by spacecraft instruments. There is thus dynamic continuity all the way from the solar interior, the energy source for spinning columns i…
It is well established that the transverse MHD waves are ubiquitous in the solar corona. One of the possible mechanisms for heating both open (e.g. coronal holes) and closed (e.g. coronal loops) magnetic field regions of the solar corona is due to the MHD wave-driven turbulence. In this work, we have studied the variation in the filling factor of overdense structures in the solar corona due to the generation of the transverse MHD wave-driven turbulence. Using 3D MHD simulations, we estimate the density filling factor of an open magnetic structure by calculating the fraction of the volume occup…
Homogeneous coronal data set (HCDS) of the green corona (Fe XIV) and coronal index of the solar activity (CI) have been used to study time-latitudinal distribution in solar cycles 18-24 and compared with similar distribution of sunspots, the magnetic fields and the solar radio flux 10.7 cm. The most important results are: (a) distribution of coronal intensities related to the cycle maximum are different for individual cycles, (b) the poleward migration of the HCDS from mid latitudes in each cycle exists, even in extremely weak Cycle 24, and the same is valid for the equatorward migration (c) t…
The coronal magnetic field, despite its overwhelming importance to the physics and dynamics of the corona, has only rarely been measured. Here, the electron density maps derived from images acquired during the total solar eclipse of August 21st, 2017 are employed to demonstrate a new technique to measure the coronal magnetic fields. The strength of the coronal magnetic fields is derived with a semiempirical formula relating the plasma magnetic energy density to the gravitational potential energy. The resulting values are compared with those provided by more advanced coronal field reconstructio…
Radio Wave Propagation as a Probe of the Solar Corona and Solar Wind
Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research（印度科学教育与研究学院）；Physical Research Laboratory（物理研究实验室）；University of Glasgow（格拉斯哥大学）
The infrared solar spectrum contains a wealth of physical data about the Sun and is being explored using modern detectors and technology with new ground-based solar telescopes. One such instrument will be the ground-based Cryogenic Near-IR Spectro-Polarimeter of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope that will be capable of sensitive imaging of the faint infrared solar coronal spectra with full Stokes I, Q, U, and V polarization states. Highly ionized magnetic dipole emission lines have been observed in galaxies and the solar corona. Quantifying the accuracy of spectral inversion procedures requ…
Presence of Solar Neutral Atom Corona and Coronal Heating
Yunnan Observatories, CAS（中国科学院云南天文台）；School of Space and Astronomy, Nanjing University（南京大学空间与天文学院）；Institute of Optics and Electronics, CAS（中国科学院光电技术研究所）；Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学物理系）；Zhangjiang Laboratory（张江实验室）
Variability of Solar Five-Minute Oscillations in the Corona as Observed by the Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer (ESP) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (SDO/EVE)
The 2008 August 1 Eclipse Solar-Minimum Corona Unraveled
我们讨论的白光和[Fe XIV]发射日冕观测期间的日全食2008年8月1日，在蒙古（Altaj地区）和俄罗斯（Akademgorodok，新西伯利亚，西伯利亚）的结果。对应于目前的极端太阳极小期，白光日冕，可见达20个太阳半径，是一个短暂的类型与明显的头盔流光位于一个位置角48，130，241和322度的双折射链上方。在两极周围可以看到各种各样的冕洞，里面充满了一些细小的极地羽流。进一步的原始方法的图像处理，恒星高达12等，一个克鲁兹族彗星（C/2008 O 1），和一个日冕物质抛射（CME）也被检测到，与最小的可分辨的结构是，在某些地方甚至小于1角秒。即使我们的站点之间有19分钟的时间差，也可以看到日冕和日冕中的差异，可能是运动。除了显示连续日冕的高分辨率日冕图像外，（K-日冕），由光球光的电子散射产生，重叠的绿色发射线的图像（530.3nm，[Fe XIV]）电晕，并利用两个窄带滤光片进行了研究（分别以线本身为中心和对于529.1nm附近的连续谱），每个具有0.15nm的FWHM。通过太阳观测，我们咨询了太阳和日光层天文台，Hinode的XRT和SOT，TRACE和STEREO，以及Wilcox太阳天文台和SOHO/MDI磁图，我们将我们的日食观测放在当前异常低和延长的太阳极小期的背景下。
