The imprints of the Galactic bar on the thick disk with RAVE
T. Antoja, G. Monari, A. Helmi, O. Bienaymé, J. Bland-Hawthorn, B. Famaey, B. K. Gibson, E. K. Grebel, G. Kordopatis, U. Munari, J. Navarro, Q. Parker, W. A. Re… 展开作者
T. Antoja, G. Monari, A. Helmi, O. Bienaymé, J. Bland-Hawthorn, B. Famaey, B. K. Gibson, E. K. Grebel, G. Kordopatis, U. Munari, J. Navarro, Q. Parker, W. A. Reid, G. Seabroke, M. Steinmetz, T. Zwitter
备注：
Accepted for publication in ApJL; 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
We study the kinematics of a local sample of stars, located within a cylinder of 500 pc radius centered on the Sun, in the RAVE dataset. We find clear asymmetries in the $v_R$-$v_ϕ$ velocity distributions of thin and thick disk stars: here are more stars moving radially outwards for low azimuthal velocities and more radially inwards for high azimuthal velocities. Such asymmetries have been previously reported for the thin disk as being due to the Galactic bar, but this is the first time that the same type of structures are seen in the thick disk. Our findings imply that the velocities of thick disk stars should no longer be described by Schwarzschild's, multivariate Gaussian or purely axisymmetric distributions. Furthermore, the nature of previously reported substructures in the thick disk needs to be revisited as these could be associated with dynamical resonances rather than to accretion events. It is clear that dynamical models of the Galaxy must fit the 3D velocity distributions of the disks, rather than the projected 1D, if we are to understand the Galaxy fully.
We present a detailed analysis of kinematics of the Milky Way disk in solar neighborhood using GAIA DR3 catalog. To determine the local kinematics of the stellar disks of the Milky Way galaxy we use a complete sample of 278,228 red giant branch (RGB) stars distributed in a cylinder, centered at the Sun with a 1 kpc radius and half-height of 0.5 kpc. We determine separately the kinematical properties of RGB stars for each Galactic hemisphere in search for possible asymmetries. The kinematical properties of the RGB stars reveal the existence of two kinematically distinct components: the thin dis…
Kinematics of the local disk from the RAVE survey and the Gaia first data release
我们试图约束的薄和厚磁盘使用贝桑松人口合成模型与RAVE DR 4和盖亚第一次数据发布（TGAS）的运动学。通过应用详细的目标选择函数模拟了RAVE场，并使用取决于年龄的速度椭球计算了运动学，以研究长期演化。我们占了非对称漂移计算拟合Stackel潜在的轨道。使用ABC-MCMC方法调整模型参数，如速度分散、平均运动和速度梯度。我们利用金属丰度来增强薄盘和厚盘之间的分离。我们表明，该模型是能够再现本地磁盘的运动学非常详细。磁盘按照预期的长期演变，在非常好的协议与以前的研究薄盘。新的非对称漂移公式，适合于我们以前描述的Stäckel势，相当好地再现了在一个广泛的太阳附近的速度分布。用这种方法测定的太阳运动的U和W分量与前人的研究结果符合得很好。然而，我们发现一个比以前认为的更小的V分量，主要是因为我们包括了不对称漂移随到平面的距离的变化。厚盘是由一个长期的形成（至少2 Gyr），在此期间，我们表明，平均速度随时间增加，而规模的高度和规模的长度减少，非常一致的崩溃阶段与角动量守恒。这个新的银河系动力学模型能够在TGAS-RAVE样本的质量水平上再现在广泛的太阳邻域中观测到的速度，使我们能够约束薄盘和厚盘的动力学演化，以及确定太阳运动。
Galactic stellar discs, such as that of the Milky Way, have usually a complex structure consisting of a thin and a thick component. The study of galactic disc substructures and their differences can shed light on the galaxy assembling processes and their evolution. However, due to observational difficulties there is a lack of information about the stellar populations of the thick disc components in external galaxies. Here we investigate three edge-on early-type disc galaxies in the Fornax cluster IC335, NGC1380A, NGC1381 by using publicly available photometrical data and our new deep long-slit…
We construct the rotation curve of the Milky Way in the extended solar neighbourhood using a sample of SEGUE (Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration) G-dwarfs. We investigate the rotation curve shape for the presence of any peculiarities just outside the solar radius as has been reported by some authors. We approach the problem in a framework of classical Jeans analysis. Using the most recent data from RAVE (RAdial Velocity Experiment), we determine the solar peculiar velocity and the radial scalelengths for the three populations of different metallicities representing the …
The disc structure of the Milky Way is marked by a chemical dichotomy, with high-alpha and low-alpha abundance sequences, traditionally identified with the geometric thick and thin discs. This identification is aided by the old ages of the high-alpha stars, and lower average ages of the low-alpha ones. Recent large scale surveys such as APOGEE have provided a wealth of data on this chemical structure, including showing that an identification of chemical and geometric thick discs is not exact, but the origin of the chemical dichotomy has remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that a dichotomy ar…
We report on the spectroscopic analysis of RAVE J183013.5-455510, an extremely metal-poor star, highly enhanced in CNO, and with discernible contributions from the rapid neutron-capture process. There is no evidence of binarity for this object. At [Fe/H]=-3.57, this is one of the lowest metallicity stars currently observed, with 18 measured abundances of neutron-capture elements. The presence of Ba, La, and Ce abundances above the Solar System r-process predictions suggest that there must have been a non-standard source of r-process elements operating at such low metallicities. One plausible e…
Kinematic structures of the Solar neighbourhood revealed by Gaia DR1/TGAS and RAVE
太阳附近恒星的速度分布是不均匀的，并且有丰富的恒星流和运动学结构。这些可能保留了银河系形成和动力学历史的重要线索。然而，许多溪流和结构的性质和起源尚不清楚，阻碍了我们对银河系如何形成和演化的理解。我们的目标是研究太阳附近恒星的速度分布，并研究单个运动学结构的性质，以提高我们对它们起源的理解。利用Gaia DR 1/TGAS提供的天体测量数据和RAVE DR 5的径向速度，我们对55831颗U和V速度不确定度小于4 km/s的恒星进行了小波分析。使用自卷积直方图方法对输出数据进行滤波，然后运行蒙特卡罗模拟来验证由于速度不确定性而检测到的结构是真实的。此外，我们通过将所有恒星分为附近的样本（<300 pc）和遥远的样本（>300 pc）以及两个化学定义的样本来分析我们的恒星样本，这两个样本在第一程度上代表了薄盘和厚盘。通过盖亚DR 1 TGAS提供的更大的恒星样本和更高精度的距离，自行，我们已经表明，太阳附近恒星的速度分布包含比以前已知的更多的结构。发现了一个新的特征，并以高置信度确认了三个最近检测到的组。根据距离和/或金属丰度对样本进行划分，发现存在各种各样的结构，这些结构可分为大尺度和小尺度的组，其中一些具有明显的金属丰度趋势，另一些则是两种盘星的混合物，并在此基础上讨论了每一组的可能起源。
Characterizing the High-Velocity Stars of RAVE: The Discovery of a Metal-Rich Halo Star Born in the Galactic Disk
我们的目标是表征高速（HiVel）恒星在太阳附近的化学和运动学使用的第四次数据发布的RAVE（RAVE）。我们使用了57个银河系静止坐标系速度大于275 km s $^{-1}$的HiVel恒星样本。利用6D位置和速度信息，我们整合了HiVel恒星的轨道，发现它们平均距离银河平面13 kpc，并且具有与星系晕一致的相对偏心轨道。利用RAVE的恒星参数和[ $α$ /Fe]估计值，我们发现HiVel恒星的金属丰度分布在[M/H] = -1.2 dex处达到峰值，并且与内晕的化学性质相一致。有几个值得注意的例外，包括超高速恒星（HVS）候选者，极高速束缚晕星，以及一颗运动学上与晕一致但化学上与盘一致的恒星。高分辨率的光谱获得了富含金属的HiVel恒星候选者和样本中第二高速度的恒星。利用这些高分辨率的数据，我们报告了一个富含金属的晕星的发现，它很可能是从银河系厚盘动态喷射到晕中的。这一发现有助于解释星系晕中最富金属成分的组合。
We aim to probe the dynamic structure of the extended Solar neighbourhood by calculating the radial metallicity gradients from orbit properties, which are obtained for axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric potential models, of red clump (RC) stars selected from the RAdial Velocity Experiment's Fourth Data Release. Distances are obtained by assuming a single absolute magnitude value in near-infrared, i.e. $M_{Ks}=-1.54\pm0.04$ mag, for each RC star. Stellar orbit parameters are calculated by using the potential functions: (i) for the MWPotential2014 potential, (ii) for the same potential with pertu…
High redshift disc galaxies are more gas rich, clumpier, and more turbulent than local Universe galaxies. This early era of galaxy formation imprints the distribution and kinematics of the stars that we observe today, but it is not yet well established how. In this work, we use simulations of isolated Milky Way-mass disc galaxies to study how kinematic properties of stars change when varying the gas fraction. This allows us to quantify the roles played by internal processes, e.g. gas turbulence and gravitational scattering off massive gas clumps, in establishing the observed stellar velocity d…
Previous studies based on the analysis of Gaia DR2 data have revealed that accreted stars, possibly originating from a single progenitor satellite, are a significant component of the halo of our Galaxy, potentially constituting most of the halo stars at $\rm [Fe/H] < -1$ within a few kpc from the Sun and beyond. In this paper, we couple astrometric data from Gaia DR2 with elemental abundances from APOGEE DR14 to characterize the kinematics and chemistry of in-situ and accreted populations up to $\rm [Fe/H] \sim -2$. Accreted stars appear to significantly impact the Galactic chemo-kinematic rel…
We investigate the kinematics of red clump stars in the Solar Neighbourhood by combining data from TGAS and RAVE to constrain the local dark matter density. After calibrating the absolute magnitude of red clump stars, we characterize their velocity distribution over a radial distance range of $6$-$10$ kpc and up to $1.5$ kpc away from the Galactic plane. We then apply the axisymmetric Jeans equations on subsets representing the thin and thick disks to determine the (local) distribution of mass near the disk of our Galaxy. Our kinematic maps are well-behaved permitting a straightforward local d…
Orbital characteristics based on Gaia Early Data Release 3 astrometric parameters are analyzed for ${\sim} 8,000$ metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] $\leq -0.8$) compiled from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) Data Release 6. Selected as metal-poor candidates based on broadband photometry, RAVE collected moderate-resolution ($R \sim 7,500$) spectra in the region of the Ca triplet for these stars. About $20\%$ of the stars in this sample also have medium-resolution ($1,200 \lesssim R \lesssim 2,000$) validation spectra obtained over a four-year campaign from $2014$ to $2017$ with a variety of telesco…
We study the distribution of nearby thick disc and halo stars in subspaces defined by their characteristic orbital parameters. Our aim is to establish the origin of the structure reported in particular, in the $R_{\rm max}-z_{\rm max}$ space. To this end, we compute the orbital parameters and frequencies of stars for a generic and for a Stäckel Milky Way potential. We find that for both the thick disc and halo populations very similar prominent substructures are apparent for the generic Galactic potential, while no substructure is seen for the Stäckel model. This indicates that the origin of t…
Population Studies. XIII. A New Analysis of the Bidelman-MacConnell "Weak-Metal" Stars - Confirmation of Metal-Poor Stars in the Thick Disk of the Galaxy
The structure and kinematics of gaseous, disk-halo interfaces are imprinted with the processes that transfer mass, metals, and energy between galactic disks and their environments. We study the extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) layer in the interacting, star-forming galaxy NGC 5775 to better understand the consequences of star-formation feedback on the dynamical state of the thick-disk interstellar medium (ISM). Combining emission-line spectroscopy from the Robert Stobie Spectrograph on the Southern African Large Telescope with radio continuum observations from Continuum Halos in Nearby G…
The vertical density distribution of stars in a galactic disc is traditionally obtained by assuming an isothermal vertical velocity dispersion of stars. Recent observations from SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, Gaia etc show that this dispersion increases with height from the mid-plane. Here we study the dynamical effect of such non-isothermal dispersion on the self-consistent vertical density distribution for the thin disc stars in the Galaxy, obtained by solving together the Poisson equation and the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium. We find that in the non-isothermal case the mid-plane density is lowe…
StarHorse results for spectroscopic surveys + Gaia DR3: Chrono-chemical populations in the solar vicinity, the genuine thick disk, and young-alpha rich stars
Aims. Several kinematic and chemical substructures have been recently found amongst Milky Way halo stars with retrograde motions. It is currently unclear how these various structures are related to each other. This Letter aims to shed light on this issue. Methods. We explore the retrograde halo with an augmented version of the Gaia DR2 RVS sample, extended with data from three large spectroscopic surveys, namely RAVE, APOGEE and LAMOST. In this dataset, we identify several structures using the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm. We discuss their properties and possible links using all the available …
