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arXiv 1502.06624hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-lat
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隐拓扑角与Lefschetz顶针

Hidden topological angles and Lefschetz thimbles

Alireza Behtash, Tin Sulejmanpasic, Thomas Schaefer, Mithat Unsal

摘要:

我们证明了隐藏的拓扑角(HTAs)的存在,在一个大类的量子场论和量子力学系统。HTA不同于拉格朗日量中的θ参数。它们作为与复化路径积分的鞍点及其下降流形(莱夫谢茨顶针)相关的不变角出现。HTA的物理效应在$n_f$中分析延拓到非整数数量的风味时变得最透明,在整数$n_f$限制中减少到主导鞍之间的$\mathbb Z_2$值相位差。在${\cal N}=1$超杨-米尔斯理论中,我们证明了胶子凝聚消失的微观机制。同样的效应导致了在二指数表象中费米子的类QCD $SU(N)$规范理论中的一个非常小的凝聚。基本现象是,与民间传说相反,胶子凝聚在半经典膨胀中可以接受正贡献和负贡献。在量子力学中,HTA导致整数和半整数自旋粒子的半经典展开的差异。

英文摘要:

We demonstrate the existence of hidden topological angles (HTAs) in a large class of quantum field theories and quantum mechanical systems. HTAs are distinct from theta-parameters in the lagrangian. They arise as invariant angle associated with saddle points of the complexified path integral and their descent manifolds (Lefschetz thimbles). Physical effects of HTAs become most transparent upon analytic continuation in $n_f$ to non-integer number of flavors, reducing in the integer $n_f$ limit to a $\mathbb Z_2$ valued phase difference between dominant saddles. In ${\cal N}=1$ super Yang-Mills theory we demonstrate the microscopic mechanism for the vanishing of the gluon condensate. The same effect leads to an anomalously small condensate in a QCD-like $SU(N)$ gauge theory with fermions in the two-index representation. The basic phenomenon is that, contrary to folklore, the gluon condensate can receive both positive and negative contributions in a semi-classical expansion. In quantum mechanics, a HTA leads to a difference in semi-classical expansion of integer and half-integer spin particles.

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