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arXiv 1510.03435hep-th
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关于路径积分的Picard-Lefschetz理论、复鞍点和回复

Toward Picard-Lefschetz Theory of Path Integrals, Complex Saddles and Resurgence

Alireza Behtash, Gerald V. Dunne, Thomas Schaefer, Tin Sulejmanpasic, Mithat Unsal

摘要:

我们表明,半经典分析的一般欧几里德路径积分必然需要复杂化的行动和措施,并考虑复杂的鞍解。我们证明,复杂的鞍点有一个自然的解释Picard-Lefschetz理论。部分受QCD在${\mathbb R}^3\times S^1$上伴随物质的半经典展开的启发,我们研究了具有玻色子和费米子(Grassmann)自由度的具有简并极小值的量子力学系统,以及(相关的)具有简并非简并极小值的纯玻色子系统.我们找到了全纯牛顿方程的精确有限作用非BPS反弹和bion解。我们不仅找到了实解,而且找到了具有非平凡单值性的复解,最后找到了复多值解和奇异解。复杂的生物子是必要的,以获得正确的非微扰结构的这些模型。在超对称极限下,复解控制着基态性质,它们对半经典展开的贡献是与超对称代数保持一致所必需的。动作的多值性要么与隐藏的拓扑角度有关,要么与模糊性的重新消除有关。我们还表明,在近似的多瞬子描述的复杂的准零模顶针的集成产生的精确解的最显着的特点。虽然在量子场论中,精确的复鞍更难构造,但与近似顶针构造的关系表明,这种解可能是量子场论中近似bion鞍的一些显著特征的基础。

英文摘要:

We show that the semi-classical analysis of generic Euclidean path integrals necessarily requires complexification of the action and measure, and consideration of complex saddle solutions. We demonstrate that complex saddle points have a natural interpretation in terms of the Picard-Lefschetz theory. Motivated in part by the semi-classical expansion of QCD with adjoint matter on ${\mathbb R}^3\times S^1$, we study quantum-mechanical systems with bosonic and fermionic (Grassmann) degrees of freedom with harmonic degenerate minima, as well as (related) purely bosonic systems with harmonic non-degenerate minima. We find exact finite action non-BPS bounce and bion solutions to the holomorphic Newton equations. We find not only real solutions, but also complex solution with non-trivial monodromy, and finally complex multi-valued and singular solutions. Complex bions are necessary for obtaining the correct non-perturbative structure of these models. In the supersymmetric limit the complex solutions govern the ground state properties, and their contribution to the semiclassical expansion is necessary to obtain consistency with the supersymmetry algebra. The multi-valuedness of the action is either related to the hidden topological angle or to the resurgent cancellation of ambiguities. We also show that in the approximate multi-instanton description the integration over the complex quasi-zero mode thimble produces the most salient features of the exact solutions. While exact complex saddles are more difficult to construct in quantum field theory, the relation to the approximate thimble construction suggests that such solutions may be underlying some remarkable features of approximate bion saddles in quantum field theories.

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