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arXiv 1502.03646physics.optics
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光在电介质中的传播

Light propagation in dielectric materials

Ledo Stefanini, Giancarlo Reali

摘要:

我们提出了一个教学推导的电磁场建立在一个电介质材料的外部场的冲击。我们从微观层次上的物理机制的角度来考虑这个问题。当材料被认为是真空中原子的集合时,内部场出现,每个原子都被外部入射场和材料中所有其他极化原子的再辐射场极化。通过这种方式,每个原子本身成为二次辐射源,其增加并干扰所有其他内部场(包括外部撞击场的内部扩展),有助于在电介质材料内建立总内部场以及外部散射场。这幅图自然地导致了材料的微观特性与其折射率之间的联系,折射率描述了对所施加的电磁场的介电响应。计算还表明,入射辐射在电介质内部被由总激发极化电流产生的大小相等但方向相反的场所消灭,并被以新速度c/n传播的宏观电场所取代。

英文摘要:

We present a pedagogic derivation of the electromagnetic field established in a dielectric material by an impinging external field. We consider the problem from the point of view of the physical mechanism involved at the microscopic level. The internal field emerges when the material is thought of as an assembly of atoms in vacuum, each of them being polarized by the external incident field and by the re-radiated fields of all the other polarized atoms of the material. In this way, each atom becomes itself a source of secondary radiation that adds and interferes with all the other internal fields (including the internal extension of the externally impinging field), contributing to build up the total internal field within the dielectric material as well as the externally scattered field. This picture naturally leads to a connection between the microscopic properties of the material and its index of refraction, that describes the dielectric response to the applied electromagnetic field. Calculations also show that the incident radiation is extinguished inside the dielectric by an equal but opposite field generated by the total induced polarization currents, and is substituted by a macroscopic electric field which propagates with the new speed c/n.

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