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arXiv 1502.00666quant-ph
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负概率

Negative probability

Andreas Blass, Yuri Gurevich

摘要:

这篇文章是为2015年2月出版的欧洲理论计算机科学协会公报的计算机科学逻辑专栏撰写的。目标受众是一般计算机科学受众。不确定原理对同时知道粒子的位置x和动量p的精度提出了限制。你可能知道x和p各自的概率分布,但联合分布没有物理意义。然而维格纳展示了这样一个联合分布f(x,p)。然而,它有一个小麻烦:它的一些值是负数。然而维格纳的发现引起了人们的注意,并找到了应用。还有其他的联合分布,都是负值,它们产生了x和p的正确的边缘分布,但只有维格纳分布产生了位置和动量的所有线性组合的正确的边缘分布。我们提供了一个简单的证明的唯一性和讨论相关的问题。

英文摘要:

This article was written for the Logic in Computer Science column in the February 2015 issue of the Bulletin of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science. The intended audience is general computer science audience. The uncertainty principle asserts a limit to the precision with which position x and momentum p of a particle can be known simultaneously. You may know the probability distributions of x and p individually but the joint distribution makes no physical sense. Yet Wigner exhibited such a joint distribution f(x,p). There was, however, a little trouble with it: some of its values were negative. Nevertheless Wigner's discovery attracted attention and found applications. There are other joint distribution, all with negative values, which produce the correct marginal distributions of x and p. But only Wigner's distribution produces the correct marginal distributions for all linear combinations of position and momentum. We offer a simple proof of the uniqueness and discuss related issues.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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