arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 1501.01002astro-ph.GA
收藏

第一个星系:模拟它们的反馈调节组装

The first galaxies: simulating their feedback-regulated assembly

Myoungwon Jeon, Volker Bromm, Andreas H. Pawlik, Milos Milosavljevic

摘要:

通过一个放大的辐射流体动力学宇宙学模拟,我们研究了在$z=10$维里质量达到$~ 10^8$太阳质量的星系的形成。该模拟追踪了Population~III(Pop~III)恒星的形成过程,其特征为中等头重脚轻的初始质量函数(IMF),并考虑了恒星反馈,如来自Population ~ III和Population~II(Pop~II)恒星的光电离加热,来自超新星(SNe)的机械和化学反馈,以及来自吸积黑洞(BH)和高质量X射线双星(HMXB)的X射线反馈。我们自洽地将恒星形成模式从头重脚轻的Pop III过渡到低质量的Pop~II,发现计算盒中的恒星形成速率在$z=13$之前由Pop~III主导,之后由Pop~II主导。模拟的星系经历了爆发式恒星形成,由于Pop~III和Pop~II恒星的光电离加热,以及SN反馈,气体含量大大减少。模拟星系中的所有气体都富含金属,高于$10^{-5}$太阳能,因此没有剩余的原始气体。这个模拟星系的观测通量估计为$~10^{-3} nJy$,如果没有强大的透镜放大,詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)就无法探测到。我们还表明,我们模拟的星系是相似的恒星质量的Segue 2,在本地组已知的最不发光的矮星。

英文摘要:

We investigate the formation of a galaxy reaching a virial mass of $~ 10^8$ solar mass at $z=10$ by carrying out a zoomed radiation-hydrodynamical cosmological simulation. This simulation traces Population~III (Pop~III) star formation, characterized by a modestly top-heavy initial mass function (IMF), and considers stellar feedback such as photoionization heating from Pop III and Population~II (Pop~II) stars, mechanical and chemical feedback from supernovae (SNe), and X-ray feedback from accreting black holes (BHs) and high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). We self-consistently impose a transition in star formation mode from top-heavy Pop III to low-mass Pop~II, and find that the star formation rate in the computational box is dominated by Pop~III until $z=13$, and by Pop~II thereafter. The simulated galaxy experiences bursty star formation, with a substantially reduced gas content due to photoionization heating from Pop~III and Pop~II stars, together with SN feedback. All the gas within the simulated galaxy is metal-enriched above $10^{-5}$ solar, such that there are no remaining pockets of primordial gas. The simulated galaxy has an estimated observed flux of $~10^{-3} nJy$, which is too low to be detected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) without strong lensing amplification. We also show that our simulated galaxy is similar in terms of stellar mass to Segue 2, the least luminous dwarf known in the Local Group.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑