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arXiv 1410.8701quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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重复投影测量下晶格上量子粒子的检测

Detection of a quantum particle on a lattice under repeated projective measurements

Shrabanti Dhar, Subinay Dasgupta, Abhishek Dhar, Diptiman Sen

摘要:

我们考虑一个量子粒子,在一个具有紧束缚哈密顿量的晶格上运动,它受到测量以检测它到达一组特定的位置。在规则的时间间隔$τ$进行投影测量,并且我们考虑波函数的演化直到检测发生的时间。我们研究了在某个时间首次检测到它的概率,相反,研究了它未被检测到的概率(即,生存到那个时候。我们提出了一个一般的微扰方法来理解映射的演化算子,由酉变换,然后由投影,一个描述的非厄米哈密顿的动态。对于一些例子,一个粒子在一个或多个检测站点的一维和二维晶格上移动,我们使用这种方法来找到精确的生存概率的表达式,并找到与直接数值结果非常吻合。精确求解了在所有站点对之间跳频和在一个站点检测的平均场模型。对于一维和二维系统,生存概率随时间呈幂律衰减,其中功率取决于粒子的初始位置。最后,我们展示了一个有趣的和非平凡的连接在我们的模型中的粒子的动力学和一个粒子的演化下的非厄米哈密顿量与一个大的吸收潜力在某些网站。

英文摘要:

We consider a quantum particle, moving on a lattice with a tight-binding Hamiltonian, which is subjected to measurements to detect it's arrival at a particular chosen set of sites. The projective measurements are made at regular time intervals $τ$, and we consider the evolution of the wave function till the time a detection occurs. We study the probabilities of its first detection at some time and conversely the probability of it not being detected (i.e., surviving) up to that time. We propose a general perturbative approach for understanding the dynamics which maps the evolution operator, consisting of unitary transformations followed by projections, to one described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. For some examples, of a particle moving on one and two-dimensional lattices with one or more detection sites, we use this approach to find exact expressions for the survival probability and find excellent agreement with direct numerical results. A mean field model with hopping between all pairs of sites and detection at one site is solved exactly. For the one- and two-dimensional systems, the survival probability is shown to have a power-law decay with time, where the power depends on the initial position of the particle. Finally, we show an interesting and non-trivial connection between the dynamics of the particle in our model and the evolution of a particle under a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with a large absorbing potential at some sites.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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