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arXiv 1410.4191math.CO
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图的迫零传播时间

Propagation time for zero forcing on a graph

Leslie Hogben, My Huynh, Nicole Kingsley, Sarah Meyer, Shanise Walker, Michael Young

摘要:

简单无向图$G$上的迫零(也称为图感染)基于颜色变化规则:如果$G$的每个顶点都被着色为白色或黑色,并且顶点$v$是一个黑色顶点,只有一个白色邻居$w$,则将$w$的颜色更改为黑色。最小迫零集是一组具有最小基数的黑色顶点,它们可以使用颜色变化规则将整个图着色为黑色。图$G$的迫零集$B$的传播时间是使$G$的所有顶点都变黑所需的最小步骤数,从$B$的黑色顶点开始,同时执行独立的力。一个图的最小和最大传播时间取在图的所有最小迫零集上。证明了至少二阶的连通图有一个以上的最小迫零集,以实现最小传播时间。具有极端最小传播时间$|G| - 1$、$|G| - 2$和$0$的图$G$被表征,并且建立关于具有最小传播时间$1$的图的结果。它表明,直径是一个上界的最大传播时间的树,但在一般情况下,传播时间和直径的图是不可比的。

英文摘要:

Zero forcing (also called graph infection) on a simple, undirected graph $G$ is based on the color-change rule: If each vertex of $G$ is colored either white or black, and vertex $v$ is a black vertex with only one white neighbor $w$, then change the color of $w$ to black. A minimum zero forcing set is a set of black vertices of minimum cardinality that can color the entire graph black using the color change rule. The propagation time of a zero forcing set $B$ of graph $G$ is the minimum number of steps that it takes to force all the vertices of $G$ black, starting with the vertices in $B$ black and performing independent forces simultaneously. The minimum and maximum propagation times of a graph are taken over all minimum zero forcing sets of the graph. It is shown that a connected graph of order at least two has more than one minimum zero forcing set realizing minimum propagation time. Graphs $G$ having extreme minimum propagation times $|G| - 1$, $|G| - 2$, and $0$ are characterized, and results regarding graphs having minimum propagation time $1$ are established. It is shown that the diameter is an upper bound for maximum propagation time for a tree, but in general propagation time and diameter of a graph are not comparable.

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