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arXiv 1409.7893cond-mat.supr-con
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具有时间反转对称性的强无序拓扑超导体的螺旋Majorana表面态

Helical Majorana surface states of strongly disordered topological superconductors with time-reversal symmetry

Raquel Queiroz, Andreas P. Schnyder

摘要:

具有强自旋轨道耦合的非中心对称超导体和${}^3$ He的B相是具有时间反演对称性的拓扑超导体的可能实现。这些时间反演不变的超导体的非平凡拓扑在材料表面以螺旋马约拉纳模式的形式表现出来。在本文中,使用广泛的数值模拟,我们调查这些马约拉纳状态下的稳定性和性质的强表面无序,影响体和表面状态。为了表征强无序的影响,我们计算了二维和三维拓扑超导体的能级间距统计和局域态密度。位于超导体最外层的Majorana表面态,由于其拓扑特性,可以防止弱无序。另一方面,足够强的无序部分地局域化了表面层,对能量接近能隙的状态的影响比对能量接近零的状态的影响更明显。特别是,我们观察到,对于所有的无序强度和配置总是存在两个扩展的零能量,可以携带热流。在从弱无序到强无序的过渡处,表面态波函数和局域态密度显示出临界离域的迹象。我们发现,在这个交叉点的二维拓扑超导体的边缘态密度表现出零能量发散,让人想起准一维脏超导体的戴森奇点。

英文摘要:

Noncentrosymmetric superconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling and the B phase of ${}^3$He are possible realizations of topological superconductors with time-reversal symmetry. The nontrivial topology of these time- reversal invariant superconductors manifests itself at the material surface in the form of helical Majorana modes. In this paper, using extensive numerical simulations, we investigate the stability and properties of these Majorana states under strong surface disorder, which influences both bulk and surface states. To characterize the effects of strong disorder, we compute the level spacing statistics and the local density of states of both two- and three-dimensional topological superconductors. The Majorana surface states, which are located in the outermost layers of the superconductor, are protected against weak disorder, due to their topological characteristic. Sufficiently strong disorder, on the other hand, partially localizes the surface layers, with a more pronounced effect on states with energies close to the gap than on those with energies close to zero. In particular, we observe that for all disorder strengths and configurations there always exist two extended states at zero-energy that can carry thermal current. At the crossover from weak to strong disorder the surface state wave functions and the local density of states show signs of critical delocalization. We find that at this crossover the edge density of states of two-dimensional topological superconductors exhibits a zero-energy divergence, reminiscent of the Dyson singularity of quasi-one-dimensional dirty superconductors.

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