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arXiv 1409.4306astro-ph.HE
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用静止的低质量X射线双星拒绝建议的稠密物质状态方程

Rejecting proposed dense-matter equations of state with quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries

Sebastien Guillot, Robert E. Rutledge

摘要:

中子星是一个独特的实验室,可以用来区分核密度和核密度以上的物质的各种状态方程。中子星的一个子类--那些在静止的低质量X射线双星(qLMXB)中的中子星--产生热表面辐射,通过这种辐射可以测量中子星半径(R_NS),使用广泛接受的qLMXB观测方案,假设H大气层没有磁化。在一个综合的光谱分析,这项工作首先再现了以前发表的测量的\rns,假设是相同的所有中子星,使用稍微扩大的数据集。测得的半径为R_NS = 9.4 +/-1.2公里。仅根据谱分析,这一测量值不受堆芯因果关系假设的影响。然而,对任何质量大于2.6 Msun的中子星的观测,都将证伪这种R_NS测量所依据的假设,因为如果假设存在因果关系,半径小于11 km的中子星将被拒绝,这将排除在本分析中获得的大部分R_NS参数空间。最后,这项工作直接测试了选择的稠密物质状态方程:WFF 1,AP 4,MPA 1,PAL 1,MS 0,以及通过手征有效理论产生的三个版本的状态方程。其中两个,MSO和PAL 1,在99%的置信水平下被拒绝,考虑到所有可量化的不确定性,而另一个不能在>99%的确定性下被排除。

英文摘要:

Neutrons stars are unique laboratories to discriminate between the various proposed equations of state of matter at and above nuclear density. One sub-class of neutron stars - those inside quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries (qLMXBs) - produce a thermal surface emission from which the neutron star radius (R_NS) can be measured, using the widely accepted observational scenario for qLMXBs, assuming unmagnetized H atmospheres. In a combined spectral analysis, this work first reproduces a previously published measurement of the \rns, assumed to be the same for all neutron stars, using a slightly expanded data set. The radius measured is R_NS = 9.4 +/-1.2 km. On the basis of spectral analysis alone, this measured value is not affected by imposing an assumption of causality in the core. However, the assumptions underlying this R_NS measurement would be falsified by the observation of any neutron star with a mass >2.6 Msun, since radii <11 km would be rejected if causality is assumed, which would exclude most of the R_NS parameter space obtained in this analysis. Finally, this work directly tests a selection of dense matter equations of states: WFF1, AP4, MPA1, PAL1, MS0, and three versions of equations of state produced through chiral effective theory. Two of those, MSO and PAL1, are rejected at the 99% confidence level, accounting for all quantifiable uncertainties, while the other cannot be excluded at >99% certainty.

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