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arXiv 1409.3161cond-mat.stat-mech
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平均场之外的活性物质:自推进粒子的环动力学理论

Active matter beyond mean-field: Ring-kinetic theory for self-propelled particles

Yen-Liang Chou, Thomas Ihle

摘要:

从相空间中N粒子的精确演化方程出发,导出了Vicsek型自推进剂模型的环动力学理论。该理论超越了平均场,并且不依赖于玻尔兹曼对分子混沌的近似。它可以处理碰撞前的相关性和团簇形成,这两者对于理解集体运动的相变都很重要。我们提出了一个图解技术来执行一个小的密度扩展的碰撞算子,并推导出前两个方程的BBGKY-层次。提出了一种数值求解格子上两粒子关联演化方程的算法。基于代理的模拟和信息量,如取向和密度关联函数进行了比较与环动力学理论得到的。在不太小的噪声和平均自由程下,模拟和理论之间有很好的定量一致性。这表明在Vicsek类模型中存在参数范围,其中BBGKY-层次的相关闭包给出了正确和非平凡的结果。我们计算了无序相的取向关联对距离的依赖关系,发现它似乎符合幂律,指数约为-1.8,然后指数衰减。一般的动力学理论和它的数值解的局限性进行了讨论。

英文摘要:

A ring-kinetic theory for Vicsek-style models of self-propelled agents is derived from the exact N-particle evolution equation in phase space. The theory goes beyond mean-field and does not rely on Boltzmann's approximation of molecular chaos. It can handle pre-collisional correlations and cluster formation which both seem important to understand the phase transition to collective motion. We propose a diagrammatic technique to perform a small density expansion of the collision operator and derive the first two equations of the BBGKY-hierarchy. An algorithm is presented that numerically solves the evolution equation for the two-particle correlations on a lattice. Agent-based simulations are performed and informative quantities such as orientational and density correlation functions are compared with those obtained by ring-kinetic theory. Excellent quantitative agreement between simulations and theory is found at not too small noises and mean free paths. This shows that there is parameter ranges in Vicsek-like models where the correlated closure of the BBGKY-hierarchy gives correct and nontrivial results. We calculate the dependence of the orientational correlations on distance in the disordered phase and find that it seems to be consistent with a power law with exponent around -1.8, followed by an exponential decay. General limitations of the kinetic theory and its numerical solution are discussed.

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