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arXiv 1408.0401astro-ph.EP
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凌日天体物理系统特征化工具的开发与应用

Development and Application of Tools to Characterize Transiting Astrophysical Systems

Bence Béky

摘要:

自从20多年前发现第一颗系外行星以来,越来越需要光度和光谱模型来表征这些系统。虽然成像已被广泛用于太阳系天体和星系等扩展天体,但典型行星系的小角度范围使其难以或不可能解决。然而,像测量总亮度或光谱这样的空间综合观测可以以合理的成本进行。这篇论文的重点是在过境系统的背景下,表现出一些现象,可以利用表征光度模型。首先,我们展示了流行的方法过境系外行星的发现和表征的热木星HAT-P-27 b的地面观测。我们展示了凌日如何使我们能够约束行星的质量,半径和轨道倾角,这将是不可能的,例如,仅基于径向速度测量。接下来,我们对另一颗热木星HAT-P-1b进行反射光谱分析,使用主星的双星作为参考,以消除信号中的系统误差。在这里,该系统的凌日性质使我们能够寻找行星反射的非常微弱的光。我们也适用于行星过境的想法,调查的可行性过境观测天体物理系统的规模非常不同:恒星在星系核可能过境的吸积盘的超大质量黑洞在银河系中心。最后,我们专注于映射点的恒星表面使用凌日。这种方法已经使用了十年,并帮助限制恒星旋转或轨道几何在一些系统。我们研究HAT-P-11上的恒星黑子,以了解更多关于恒星旋转的信息,并调查黑子本身的大小和对比度。

英文摘要:

Since the discovery of the first exoplanets more than 20 years ago, there has been an increasing need for photometric and spectroscopic models to characterize these systems. While imaging has been used extensively for Solar System bodies and extended objects like galaxies, the small angular extent of typical planetary systems makes it difficult or impossible to resolve them. Spatially integrated observations like measuring the total brightness or spectrum, however, can be conducted at a resonable cost. This thesis focuses on photometric models in the context of transiting systems, which exhibit a number of phenomena that can be exploited for characterization. First, we showcase the popular methods of transiting exoplanet discovery and characterization by ground based observations on the hot Jupiter HAT-P-27b. We demonstrate how transits allow us to constrain planetary mass, radius, and orbital inclination, which would not be possible based only on, for example, radial velocity measurements. Next, we perform reflection spectroscopy on HAT-P-1b, another hot Jupiter, using the binary companion of the host star as a reference to remove systematic errors from the signal. Here the transiting nature of the system allows us to look for the very faint light reflected by the planet. We also apply the idea of planetary transits to investigate the feasibility of transit observations in astrophysical systems of very different scale: stars in galactic nuclei potentially transiting the accretion disk of the supermassive black hole in the galactic center. Finally, we focus on mapping spots on the stellar surface using transits. This method has been used for a decade, and helped constrain stellar rotation or orbital geometry in a number systems. We study starspots on HAT-P-11 to learn more about stellar rotation and to investigate the size and contrast of the spots themselves.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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