系统性：表征太阳系外行星检测的测试床。II。Transit定时反问题的数值方法
Systemic: A Testbed for Characterizing the Detection of Extrasolar Planets. II. Numerical approaches to the Transit Timing Inverse Problem
摘要：
凌日时间的变化-凌日行星连续通过之间严格的周期性偏差-可以用来探测多行星系统的结构和动力学。在本文中，我们研究的前景数值求解所谓的逆问题，确定的轨道要素的摄动机构从过境时间的变化，它引起的。我们假设所研究的行星系具有有限数量的多普勒速度测量值，并表明，更广泛的径向速度表征与精度相媲美的半振幅的扰动可能会删除退化的解决方案。我们研究了几种感兴趣的配置，包括（1）一个原型非共振系统，以HD 40307 b和c为模型，其中包含多个超级地球质量的行星，（2）一个假设的系统，其中包含一个凌日巨行星，其地球质量的伴星被困在低阶平均运动共振中，以及（3）HAT-P-13系统，其中，由外部扰动体产生的强迫岁差可以通过多普勒径向速度测量得到很好的特征，从而可以深入了解扰动行星的内部结构，并且确定过境行星与其扰动物之间的相互倾斜是一个关键问题。
英文摘要：
Transit timing variations - deviations from strict periodicity between successive passages of a transiting planet - can be used to probe the structure and dynamics of multiple-planet systems. In this paper, we examine prospects for numerically solving the so-called inverse problem, the determination of the orbital elements of a perturbing body from the transit timing variations it induces. We assume that the planetary systems under examination have a limited number of Doppler velocity measurements, and show that a more extensive radial velocity characterization with precision comparable to the semiamplitude of the perturber may remove degeneracies in the solution. We examine several configurations of interest, including (1) a prototypical non-resonant system, modeled after HD40307 b and c, which contains multiple super-Earth mass planets, (2) a hypothetical system containing a transiting giant planet with a terrestrial-mass companion trapped in low-order mean motion resonance, and (3) the HAT-P-13 system, in which forced precession by an outer perturbing body that is well characterized by Doppler radial velocity measurements can give insight into the interior structure of a perturbing planet, and for which the determination of mutual inclination between the transiting planet and its perturber is a key issue.
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