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arXiv 1407.3285cond-mat.softmath-phmath.MGmath.MP
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枚举刚性球填充

Enumerating rigid sphere packings

Miranda C. Holmes-Cerfon

摘要:

包装问题,问如何安排一个集合的对象在空间中,以满足一定的标准,是很重要的,在许多物理和生物系统,在小规模的几何安排控制行为在较大的。在许多系统中,没有单一的最优填充占主导地位,而是必须了解整个可能的填充集。作为在这个方向上的一个步骤,我们列举了刚性集群相同的硬球$n\leq 14$,和集群的最大数量的接触$n\leq 19$。刚性簇是在保持所有接触的同时不能连续变形的簇。这是一个自然产生的非线性概念,因为当球体与短程势相互作用时,这种团簇是亚稳态,就像许多纳米或微米尺度系统中的情况一样。我们预计这些列表几乎是完整的,除了少数高度奇异的集群(线性松弛但非线性刚性)。这些数据包含了一些重大的几何学上的惊喜,例如,实体集群的流行:那些具有少于$3n-6$接触的人,通常是刚性所必需的。我们讨论这些和其他几个不寻常的集群,其几何形状可能会揭示物理机制,提出数学和计算问题,或为设计新材料带来灵感。

英文摘要:

Packing problems, which ask how to arrange a collection of objects in space to meet certain criteria, are important in a great many physical and biological systems, where geometrical arrangements at small scales control behaviour at larger ones. In many systems there is no single, optimal packing that dominates, but rather one must understand the entire set of possible packings. As a step in this direction we enumerate rigid clusters of identical hard spheres for $n\leq 14$, and clusters with the maximum number of contacts for $n\leq 19$. A rigid cluster is one that cannot be continuously deformed while maintaining all contacts. This is a nonlinear notion that arises naturally because such clusters are the metastable states when the spheres interact with a short-range potential, as is the case in many nano- or micro-scale systems. We expect these lists are nearly complete, except for a small number of highly singular clusters (linearly floppy but nonlinearly rigid.) The data contains some major geometrical surprises, such as the prevalence of hypostatic clusters: those with less than the $3n-6$ contacts generically necessary for rigidity. We discuss these and several other unusual clusters, whose geometries may shed insight into physical mechanisms, pose mathematical and computational problems, or bring inspiration for designing new materials.

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