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arXiv 1406.7097astro-ph.GA
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随机恒星形成与反馈:低质量星系到暗物质晕的映射

Stochastic Star Formation & Feedback: Mapping Low-Mass Galaxies to Dark Matter Haloes

Chris Power, Graham A. Wynn, Aaron S. G. Robotham, Geraint F. Lewis, Mark I. Wilkinson

摘要:

在宇宙学$N$ -体模拟中,观测到的银河系卫星星系(以下简称MW)与暗物质暗晕的比较表明,这种暗晕如果存在的话,是以随机方式被卫星星系占据的。我们研究如何效率低下的大质量恒星形成和相关的超新星反馈高红移的祖先,今天的低质量subhaloes可能有助于这种随机性。使用蒙特卡罗方法来跟踪装配历史的低质量的$10^7 \lesssim M \leq 10^{10}$ ${\rm M}_{\odot}$,我们确定冷却和恒星形成时可能会进行,并观察到,与现今的质量$\lesssim 10^9 {\rm M}_{\odot}$的光环从来没有增长到足够大的支持原子氢线冷却。注意到恒星形成的时间尺度急剧下降的恒星质量为$t_{\rm PMS} \propto m_{\ast}^{-2.5}$,我们认为,如果高质量恒星形成的条件出现在低质量的晕,随之而来的超新星很可能会破坏正在进行的低质量恒星的形成和解除气体的晕内。这种潜在的恒星形成气体是不太可能补充在较低质量的晕,因为,例如宇宙学再电离,所以我们预计星系形成的方式,这取决于主机晕组装历史和效率和恒星形成的时间在原星系,我们说明使用蒙特卡洛模型受阻。基于这些简单的物理参数,我们断言,恒星形成和反馈的随机性是一个重要的,但被忽视的成分在最小尺度上的星系形成建模。

英文摘要:

Comparison of observed satellite galaxies of the Milky Way (hereafter MW) with dark matter subhaloes in cosmological $N$-body simulations of MW-mass haloes suggest that such subhaloes, if they exist, are occupied by satellites in a stochastic fashion. We examine how inefficient massive star formation and associated supernova feedback in high-redshift progenitors of present-day low-mass subhaloes might contribute to this stochasticity. Using a Monte Carlo approach to follow the assembly histories of present-day low-mass haloes with $10^7 \lesssim M \leq 10^{10}$ ${\rm M}_{\odot}$, we identify when cooling and star formation is likely to proceed, and observe that haloes with present-day masses $\lesssim 10^9 {\rm M}_{\odot}$ never grow sufficiently massive to support atomic hydrogen line cooling. Noting that the star formation timescale decreases sharply with stellar mass as $t_{\rm PMS} \propto m_{\ast}^{-2.5}$, we argue that, should the conditions for high mass star formation arise in low-mass haloes, the ensuing supernovae are likely to disrupt ongoing lower-mass star formation and unbind gas within the halo. This potentially star-forming gas is unlikely to be replenished in lower mass haloes because of, e.g. cosmological reionization, and so we expect galaxy formation to be stymied in a manner that depends on host halo assembly history and the efficiency and timing of star formation in proto-galaxies, which we illustrate using a Monte Carlo model. Based on these simple physical arguments, we assert that stochasticity of star formation and feedback is an essential but overlooked ingredient in modelling galaxy formation on the smallest scales.

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