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arXiv 1406.4835astro-ph.SR
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超大质量恒星中超新星前不稳定性的观测结果

Observed Consequences of Presupernova Instability in Very Massive Stars

Nathan Smith

摘要:

本章集中讨论超大质量恒星的死亡,导致它们死亡的事件,以及质量损失如何影响最终的死亡。前三章强调了风的质量损失、爆发和核心坍缩物理学的理论,但在这里,我们主要强调由此产生的垂死挣扎的观测性质。通过风、爆发和相互作用的双星的质量损失在很大程度上决定了所观测到的各种不同类型的超新星,以及超新星爆炸波扩展到的星周环境。然而,将这些观测到的爆炸性质与其祖先恒星的初始质量联系起来是一个持久的挑战,对于非常大质量的恒星来说尤其困难。超亮超新星、对不稳定性超新星、伽马射线暴和“失败”的超新星都是超大质量恒星的最终命运,但它们的初始质量范围或其他条件(如果它们真的发生)仍然是非常确定的。通过外推来推断超大质量恒星在早期宇宙中的作用基本上不受观测限制的影响,而且仍然相当冒险。

英文摘要:

This chapter concentrates on the deaths of very massive stars, the events leading up to their deaths, and how mass loss affects the resulting death. The previous three chapters emphasized the theory of wind mass loss, eruptions, and core collapse physics, but here we emphasize mainly the observational properties of the resulting death throes. Mass loss through winds, eruptions, and interacting binaries largely determines the wide variety of different types of supernovae that are observed, as well as the circumstellar environments into which the supernova blast waves expand. Connecting these observed properties of the explosions to the initial masses of their progenitor stars is, however, an enduring challenge and is especially difficult for very massive stars. Superluminous supernovae, pair instability supernovae, gamma ray bursts, and "failed" supernovae are all end fates that have been proposed for very massive stars, but the range of initial masses or other conditions leading to each of these (if they actually occur) are still very certain. Extrapolating to infer the role of very massive stars in the early universe is essentially unencumbered by observational constraints and still quite dicey.

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