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arXiv 1302.6973astro-ph.SR
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最重超新星质量的核合成限制

Nucleosynthetic Constraints on the Mass of the Heaviest Supernovae

Justin M. Brown, S. E. Woosley

摘要:

假设一个Salpeter初始质量函数,以太阳丰度为代表样本,我们探讨了大质量恒星核合成对超新星爆炸截断的敏感性。我们假设,所有质量的恒星都通过它们的爆炸前恒星风来促进核合成,但是超过某个极限主序星质量,前超新星恒星就变成了一个黑洞,并不再喷发。假设根本没有截止,从氧到原子质量90的太阳丰度非常适合,即,假设所有质量不超过120个太阳的恒星都能成功地形成超新星。如果上限降低到25个太阳质量,则拟合度几乎不会降低。这个极限可以进一步降低,但是在剩余的范围内超新星所需的事件率迅速上升,以补偿更大质量恒星失去的核合成。s过程的核合成急剧下降,在风中产生的物质,例如,碳与爆炸中产生的元素相比变得不可接受地大,例如,硅和氧。然而,通过改变不确定的物理学,特别是大质量恒星的质量损失率和氖-22到镁-25的反应速率,可以接受的核合成仍然可以达到18个太阳质量的截止值。这需要超新星的频率比所有恒星爆炸时获得的基准值大三倍,以产生所需的氧-16。还研究了铁-60和铝-26的核合成。

英文摘要:

Assuming a Salpeter initial mass function and taking the solar abundances as a representative sample, we explore the sensitivity of nucleosynthesis in massive stars to the truncation of supernova explosions above a certain mass. It is assumed that stars of all masses contribute to nucleosynthesis by their pre-explosive winds, but above a certain limiting main sequence mass, the presupernova star becomes a black hole and ejects nothing more. The solar abundances from oxygen to atomic mass 90 are fit quite well assuming no cut-off at all, i.e., by assuming all stars up to 120 solar masses make successful supernovae. Little degradation in the fit occurs if the upper limit is reduced to 25 solar masses. The limit can be further reduced, but the required event rate of supernovae in the remaining range rises rapidly to compensate for the lost nucleosynthesis of the more massive stars. The nucleosynthesis of the s-process declines precipitously and the production of species made in the winds, e.g., carbon, becomes unacceptably large compared with elements made in the explosion, e.g., silicon and oxygen. However, by varying uncertain physics, especially the mass loss rate for massive stars and the rate for the neon-22 to magnesium-25 reaction rate, acceptable nucleosynthesis might still be achieved with a cutoff as low as 18 solar masses. This would require a supernova frequency three times greater than the fiducial value obtained when all stars explode in order to produce the required oxygen-16. The nucleosynthesis of iron-60 and aluminum-26 is also examined.

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