arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2008.13647astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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在贫金属致密星团中恒星合并背后大质量恒星的脉动驱动质量损失

Pulsation-driven mass loss from massive stars behind stellar mergers in metal-poor dense clusters

Daisuke Nakauchi, Kohei Inayoshi, Kazuyuki Omukai

摘要:

最近发现的高红移(z > 6)超大质量黑洞(SMBH)有利于原星系中大质量种子黑洞的形成。一种可能的情况是在致密的星团中通过失控的恒星碰撞形成~ 1 e3 - 1 e4 Msun的大质量恒星,留下大质量的BH而没有显著的质量损失。我们研究了零龄主序星(ZAMS)质量Mzams/Msun = 300-3000和金属丰度Z/Zsun = 0-0.1的大质量恒星的脉动不稳定性,并讨论了脉动驱动的质量损失是否阻止了大质量BH的形成。在MS阶段,由ε机制激发的脉动不稳定性在~ 1 e3 yr内增长。随着恒星质量和金属丰度的增加,质量损失率增加到<1 e-3 Msun/yr。在红超巨星(RSG)阶段,不稳定性主要由氢电离区的κ机制激发,在10年内增长较快,其质量损失率几乎与金属丰度无关,分布在1 e-3- 1 e-2 Msun/yr之间。进行恒星结构的计算,包括由于脉冲驱动的风的反馈,我们发现,恒星模型的Mzams/Msun = 300-3000可以留下残余BH大于~ 200-1200 Msun。我们的结论是,大规模合并产品可以在z > 6时观察到巨大的SMBH。

英文摘要:

The recent discovery of high-redshift (z > 6) supermassive black holes (SMBH) favors the formation of massive seed BHs in protogalaxies. One possible scenario is formation of massive stars ~ 1e3-1e4 Msun via runaway stellar collisions in a dense cluster, leaving behind massive BHs without significant mass loss. We study the pulsational instability of massive stars with the zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) mass Mzams/Msun = 300-3000 and metallicity Z/Zsun = 0-0.1, and discuss whether or not pulsation-driven mass loss prevents massive BH formation. In the MS phase, the pulsational instability excited by the epsilon-mechanism grows in ~ 1e3 yrs. As the stellar mass and metallicity increase, the mass-loss rate increases to < 1e-3 Msun/yr. In the red super-giant (RSG) phase, the instability is excited by the kappa-mechanism operating in the hydrogen ionization zone and grows more rapidly in ~ 10 yrs. The RSG mass-loss rate is almost independent of metallicity and distributes in the range of ~ 1e-3-1e-2 Msun/yr. Conducting the stellar structure calculations including feedback due to pulsation-driven winds, we find that the stellar models of Mzams/Msun = 300-3000 can leave behind remnant BHs more massive than ~ 200-1200 Msun. We conclude that massive merger products can seed monster SMBHs observed at z > 6.

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