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arXiv 1405.4423cs.LG
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求解并元预测中完全和几乎完全冷启动问题的两步学习方法

A two-step learning approach for solving full and almost full cold start problems in dyadic prediction

University of Turku(图尔库大学);Turku Centre for Computer Science(图尔库计算机科学中心);Ghent University(根特大学);Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)(芬兰分子医学研究所(FIMM))

Tapio Pahikkala, Michiel Stock, Antti Airola, Tero Aittokallio, Bernard De Baets, Willem Waegeman

摘要:

二元预测方法对对象对(二元)进行操作,旨在推断样本外二元的标签。我们考虑二元预测中的完全和几乎完全冷启动问题,这种情况发生在训练过程中没有观察到样本外二元中的两个对象,或者其中一个对象被观察到,但次数很少。解决这个问题的一种流行方法是训练一个模型,该模型基于二元的成对特征表示进行预测,或者在核方法的情况下,基于张量积成对核。作为这样的内核方法的替代,我们引入了一种新的两步学习算法,借鉴了成对学习和频谱滤波领域的思想。我们从理论上表明,两步方法是非常密切相关的张量积核方法,实验表明,它产生一个稍微好一点的预测性能。此外,与现有的张量积核方法不同,两步法允许在完全和几乎完全的冷启动设置中通过交叉验证估计来进行训练和参数选择的封闭形式的解决方案,使得该方法更有效和更直接地实现。

英文摘要:

Dyadic prediction methods operate on pairs of objects (dyads), aiming to infer labels for out-of-sample dyads. We consider the full and almost full cold start problem in dyadic prediction, a setting that occurs when both objects in an out-of-sample dyad have not been observed during training, or if one of them has been observed, but very few times. A popular approach for addressing this problem is to train a model that makes predictions based on a pairwise feature representation of the dyads, or, in case of kernel methods, based on a tensor product pairwise kernel. As an alternative to such a kernel approach, we introduce a novel two-step learning algorithm that borrows ideas from the fields of pairwise learning and spectral filtering. We show theoretically that the two-step method is very closely related to the tensor product kernel approach, and experimentally that it yields a slightly better predictive performance. Moreover, unlike existing tensor product kernel methods, the two-step method allows closed-form solutions for training and parameter selection via cross-validation estimates both in the full and almost full cold start settings, making the approach much more efficient and straightforward to implement.

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