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arXiv 1404.0243q-fin.GNphysics.soc-ph
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物理学与金融经济学(1776-2014):谜题、伊辛和基于主体的模型

Physics and Financial Economics (1776-2014): Puzzles, Ising and Agent-Based models

D. Sornette

摘要:

这篇简短的评论介绍了从艾萨克·牛顿和亚当·斯密到现在的物理学和经济学之间相互滋养的历史。与物理学相比,金融经济学中发展的理论所包含的根本不同的观点被以波动率微笑和过度波动率之谜为例进行了剖析。伊辛模型的相变模型的社会和金融系统的作用进行了审查,随机效用和logit模型的概念,在统计物理学中的玻尔兹曼因子的模拟。最近的扩展量子决策理论也包括在内。本文简要讨论了大量建立在伊辛模型基础上的模型,并将其推广到金融市场的许多典型事实。伊辛模型及其扩展的相关性的摘要提供了金融泡沫和崩溃的帐户。如果不包括基于主体的模型(ABM)的动态领域,也被称为计算经济模型,其中伊辛型模型只是ABM的特殊实现,那么评论将是不完整的。我们制定了“新兴市场情报假说”,以调和普遍存在的“噪音交易者”与近效率的金融市场。最后,我们注意到,进化生物学,而不是物理学,现在正在发挥越来越大的作用,激发金融市场的模型。

英文摘要:

This short review presents a selected history of the mutual fertilization between physics and economics, from Isaac Newton and Adam Smith to the present. The fundamentally different perspectives embraced in theories developed in financial economics compared with physics are dissected with the examples of the volatility smile and of the excess volatility puzzle. The role of the Ising model of phase transitions to model social and financial systems is reviewed, with the concepts of random utilities and the logit model as the analog of the Boltzmann factor in statistic physics. Recent extensions in term of quantum decision theory are also covered. A wealth of models are discussed briefly that build on the Ising model and generalize it to account for the many stylized facts of financial markets. A summary of the relevance of the Ising model and its extensions is provided to account for financial bubbles and crashes. The review would be incomplete if it would not cover the dynamical field of agent based models (ABMs), also known as computational economic models, of which the Ising-type models are just special ABM implementations. We formulate the ``Emerging Market Intelligence hypothesis'' to reconcile the pervasive presence of ``noise traders'' with the near efficiency of financial markets. Finally, we note that evolutionary biology, more than physics, is now playing a growing role to inspire models of financial markets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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