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arXiv 1403.4516physics.flu-dyn
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向turbulence过渡的确定性和随机性

Deterministic and stochastic aspects of the transition to turbulence

Baofang Song, Björn Hof

摘要:

这篇文章的目的是总结和讨论最近的进展,关于剪切流中的湍流的发病。没有一个明确的不稳定机制,时空间歇性的特点和极长的寿命瞬变是在这些流动中遇到的一些主要困难,并阻碍了理解过渡过程的进展。对于管流,我们将证明非线性动力学和统计物理学的概念有助于解释湍流的发生。特别是湍流结构(“泡芙”)观察到接近发病空间局部混沌瞬态和它们的寿命增加超指数与雷诺数。同时,单个湍流喷流的波动可能(尽管很少)导致新喷流的成核。这两个随机过程之间的竞争引起非平衡相变,其中湍流从超瞬态变为持续状态。

英文摘要:

The purpose of this contribution is to summarize and discuss recent advances regarding the onset of turbulence in shear flows. The absence of a clear cut instability mechanism, the spatio-temporal intermittent character and extremely long lived transients are some of the major difficulties encountered in these flows and have hindered progress towards understanding the transition process. We will show for the case of pipe flow that concepts from nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics can help to explain the onset of turbulence. In particular the turbulent structures ('puffs') observed close to onset are spatially localized chaotic transients and their lifetimes increase super exponentially with Reynolds number. At the same time fluctuations of individual turbulent puffs can (although very rarely) lead to the nucleation of new puffs. The competition between these two stochastic processes gives rise to a non-equilibrium phase transition where turbulence changes from a super-transient to a sustained state.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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