Let $(W,H,μ)$ be the classical Wiener space where $H$ is the Cameron-Martin space which consists of the primitives of the elements of $L^2([0,1],\,dt)\otimes \R^d$, we denote by $L^2_a(μ,H)$ the equivalence classes w.r.t. $dt\times dμ$ whose Lebesgue densities $s\to\dot{u}(s,w)$ are almost surely adapted to the canonical Brownian filtration. If $f$ is a Wiener functional s.t. $\frac{1}{E[e^{-f}]}e^{-f}dμ$ is of finite relative entropy w.r.t. $μ$, we prove that \beaa J_\star&=& \inf\left(E_μ\left[f\circ U+\half |u|_H^2\right]: u\in
L_a^2(μ,H)\right)\\ &\geq&-\log E_μ[e^{-f}]=\inf\left(\int_W fd\ga+H(\ga|μ):\,ν\in
P(W)\right) \eeaa where $P(W)$ is the set of probability measures on $(W,\calB(W))$ and $H(\ga|μ)$ is the relative entropy of $\ga$ w.r.t. $μ$. We call $f$ a tamed functional if the inequality above can be replaced with equality, we characterize the class of tamed functionals, which is much larger than the set of essentially bounded Wiener functionals. We show that for a tamed functional the minimization problem of l.h.s. has a solution $u_0$ if and only if $U_0=I_W+u_0$ is almost surely invertible and $$ \frac{dU_0μ}{dμ}=\frac{e^{-f}}{E_μ[e^{-f}]} $$ and then $u_0$ is unique. To do this is we prove the theorem which says that the relative entropy of $U_0μ$ is equal to the energy of $u_0$ if and only if it has a $μ$-a.s. left inverse. We use these results to prove the strong existence of the solutions of stochastic differentail equations with singular (functional) drifts and also to prove the non-existence of strong solutions of some stochastic differential equations.
\noindent {\sl Keywords:} Invertibility, entropy, Girsanov theorem, variational calculus, Malliavin calculus, large deviations
In 1998, Boué and Dupuis proved a variational representation for exponentials of bounded Wiener functionals. Since their proof involves arguments related to the weak convergence of probability measures, the boundedness of functionals seems inevitable. In this paper, we extend the representation to unbounded functionals under a mild assumption on their integrability. As an immediate application of the extension, we prove an analogue of Prékopa's theorem for Wiener functionals, which is then applied to formulate the Brascamp-Lieb inequality in the framework of Wiener spaces.
We give a variational formulation for $-\log\mathbb{E}_ν\left[e^{-f}|\mathcal{F}_t\right]$ for a large class of measures $ν$. We give a refined entropic characterization of the invertibility of some perturbations of the identity. We also discuss the attainability of the infimum in the variational formulation and obtain a Prékopa-Leindler theorem for conditional expectations.
We provide a framework to derive a variational formulation for $-\log\mathbb{E}_ν\left[e^{-f}\right]$ for a large class of measures $ν$. We use a family of perturbations of the identity $(W^u)$ whose invertibility we characterize thanks to entropy. This yields results of strong existence for various stochastic differential equations. We also discuss the attainability of the infimum in the variational formulation and we derive a Prékopa-Leindler theorem for the measure $ν$.
We show convexity of solutions to a class of convex variational problems in the Gauss and in the Wiener space. An important tool in the proof is a representation formula for integral functionals in this infinite dimensional setting, that extends analogous results valid in the classical Euclidean framework.
We combine Malliavin calculus with Stein's method to derive bounds for the Variance-Gamma approximation of functionals of isonormal Gaussian processes, in particular of random variables living inside a fixed Wiener chaos induced by such a process. The bounds are presented in terms of Malliavin operators and norms of contractions. We show that a sequence of distributions of random variables in the second Wiener chaos converges to a Variance-Gamma distribution if and only if their moments of order two to six converge to that of a Variance-Gamma distributed random variable (six moment theorem). M…
We derive new limit theorems for Brownian motion, which can be seen as non-exponential analogues of the large deviation theorems of Sanov and Schilder in their Laplace principle forms. As a first application, we obtain novel scaling limits of backward stochastic differential equations and their related partial differential equations. As a second application, we extend prior results on the small-noise limit of the Schrödinger problem as an optimal transport cost, unifying the control-theoretic and probabilistic approaches initiated respectively by T. Mikami and C. Léonard. Lastly, our results s…
We study the asymptotic behaviour of a properly normalized time changed Wiener processes. The time change reflects the fact that we consider the Laplace operator (which generates a Wiener process) multiplied by a possibly degenerate state-space dependent intensity $λ(x)$. Applying a functional limit theorem for the superposition of stochastic processes, we prove functional limit theorems for the normalized time changed Wiener process. The normalization depends on the asymptotic behaviour of the intensity function $λ$. One of the possible limits is a skew Brownian motion.
Consider a Wiener process $W$ on a circle of circumference $L$. We prove the rather surprising result that the Laplace transform of the distribution of the first time, $θ_L$, when the Wiener process has visited every point of the circle can be solved in closed form using a continuous recurrence approach.
In this work we study the necessary and sufficient conditions for a positive random variable whose expectation under the Wiener measure is one, to be represented as the Radon-Nikodym derivative of the image of the Wiener measure under an adapted perturbation of identity with the help of the associated innovation process. We prove that the innovation conjecture holds if and only if the original process is almost surely invertible. We also give variational characterizations of the invertibility of the perturbations of identity and the representability of a positive random variable whose total ma…
In this paper, we establish a universal variational characterization of the non-martingale components associated with weakly differentiable Wiener functionals in the sense of Leão, Ohashi and Simas. It is shown that any Dirichlet process (in particular semimartingales) is a differential form w.r.t Brownian motion driving noise. The drift components are characterized in terms of limits of integral functionals of horizontal-type perturbations and first-order variation driven by a two-parameter occupation time process. Applications to a class of path-dependent rough transformations of Brownian pa…
We consider a process $(X_t)_{t\in[0,T)}$ given by the SDE $dX_t = αb(t)X_t dt + σ(t) dB_t$, $t\in[0,T)$, with initial condition $X_0=0$, where $T\in(0,\infty]$, $α\in R$, $(B_t)_{t\in[0,T)}$ is a standard Wiener process, $b:[0,T)\to R\setminus\{0\}$ and $σ:[0,T)\to(0,\infty)$ are continuously differentiable functions. Assuming that $b$ and $σ$ satisfy a certain differential equation we derive an explicit formula for the joint Laplace transform of $\int_0^t\frac{b(s)^2}{σ(s)^2}(X_s)^2 ds$ and $(X_t)^2$ for all $t\in[0,T)$. As an application, we study asymptotic behavior of the maximum likeliho…
We introduce a variational theory for processes adapted to the multi-dimensional Brownian motion filtration. The theory provides a differential structure which describes the infinitesimal evolution of Wiener functionals at very small scales. The Markov property is replaced by a finite-dimensional approximation procedure based on controlled inter-arrival times and jumps of approximating martingales. The theory reveals that a large class of adapted processes follow a differential rule which is similar in nature to a fundamental theorem of calculus in the context of Wiener functionals. Null stoch…
We study the Wiener-Hopf factorization for Lévy processes $X_t$ with completely monotone jumps. Extending previous results of L.C.G. Rogers, we prove that the space-time Wiener-Hopf factors are complete Bernstein functions of both the spatial and the temporal variable. As a corollary, we prove complete monotonicity of: (a) the tail of the distribution function of the supremum of $X_t$ up to an independent exponential time; (b) the Laplace transform of the supremum of $X_t$ up to a fixed time $T$, as a function of $T$. The proof involves a detailed analysis of the holomorphic extension of the c…
Variational formulas for the Laplace transform of the exit time from an open set of a Hunt process generated by a regular lower bounded semi-Dirichlet form are established. While for symmetric Markov processes, variational formulas are derived for the exponential moments of the exit time. As applications, we provide some comparison theorems and quantitative relations of the exponential moments and Poincaré inequalities.
One introduces a new variational concept of solution for the stochastic differential equation $dX+A(t)X\,dt+λX\,dt=X\,dW,$ $t\in(0,T)$; $X(0)=x$ in a real Hilbert space where $A(t)=\partialφ(t)$, $t\in(0,T)$, is a maximal monotone subpotential operator in $H$ while $W$ is a Wiener process in $H$ on a probability space $\{Ω,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}\}$. In this new context, the solution $X=X(t,x)$ exists for each $x\in H$, is unique, and depends continuously on $x$. This functional scheme applies to a general class of stochastic PDE not covered by the classical variational existence theory ([15], …
In this survey we collect some of the recent results on the "nodal geometry" of random eigenfunctions on Riemannian surfaces. We focus on the asymptotic behavior, for high energy levels, of the nodal length of Gaussian Laplace eigenfunctions on the torus (arithmetic random waves) and on the sphere (random spherical harmonics). We give some insight on both Berry's cancellation phenomenon and the nature of nodal length second order fluctuations (non-Gaussian on the torus and Gaussian on the sphere) in terms of chaotic components. Finally we consider the general case of monochromatic random waves…
We consider nonlinear filters for diffusion processes when the observation and signal noises are small and of the same order. As the noise intensities approach zero, the nonlinear filter can be approximated by a certain variational problem that is closely related to Mortensen's optimization problem(1968). This approximation result can be made precise through a certain Laplace asymptotic formula. In this work we study probabilities of deviations of true filtering estimates from that obtained by solving the variational problem. Our main result gives a large deviation principle for Laplace functi…
In this paper we first prove a Clark--Ocone formula for any bounded measurable functional on Poisson space. Then using this formula, under some conditions on the intensity measure of Poisson random measure, we prove a variational representation formula for the Laplace transform of bounded Poisson functionals, which has been conjectured by Dupuis and Ellis [A Weak Convergence Approach to the Theory of Large Deviations (1997) Wiley], p. 122.
We introduce a variational theory for processes adapted to the multi-dimensional Brownian motion filtration that provides a differential structure allowing to describe infinitesimal evolution of Wiener functionals at very small scales. The main novel idea is to compute the "sensitivities" of processes, namely derivatives of martingale components and a weak notion of infinitesimal generators, via a finite-dimensional approximation procedure based on controlled inter-arrival times and approximating martingales. The theory comes with convergence results that allow to interpret a large class of Wi…
We prove global well-posedness for a class of dissipative semilinear stochastic evolution equations with singular drift and multiplicative Wiener noise. In particular, the nonlinear term in the drift is the superposition operator associated to a maximal monotone graph everywhere defined on the real line, on which no continuity nor growth assumptions are imposed. The hypotheses on the diffusion coefficient are also very general, in the sense that the noise does not need to take values in spaces of continuous, or bounded, functions in space and time. Our approach combines variational techniques …
We provide an abstract variational existence and uniqueness result for multi-valued, monotone, non-coercive stochastic evolution inclusions in Hilbert spaces with general additive and Wiener multiplicative noise. As examples we discuss certain singular diffusion equations such as the stochastic 1-Laplacian evolution (total variation flow) in all space dimensions and the stochastic singular fast diffusion equation. In case of additive Wiener noise we prove the existence of a unique weak-* mean ergodic invariant measure.