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arXiv 1402.6300math.CO
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计算可定向曲面上映射的简单recurrence formulas

Simple recurrence formulas to count maps on orientable surfaces

Sean R. Carrell, Guillaume Chapuy

摘要:

我们建立了一个简单的递归公式,用于根可定向映射按边和亏格计数的个数$Q_g^n$。我们还给出了生成多项式$Q_g^n(x)$的加权变体,其中$x$是一个参数,考虑到映入的面数,或者等价地,一个简单的递归公式,用于细化数$M_g^{i,j}$,按属,顶点和面计算地图。这些公式给出了迄今为止已知的计算这些数或固定亏格生成函数的最快方法,特别是对于大的$g$。在非常特殊的情况下,单面映射,我们恢复Harer-Zagier递归公式。我们的主要公式是KP方程的二分映射的生成函数的后果,再加上Tutte方程,它显然是被忽视的。这是类似的期待一个发现的古尔登和杰克逊的三角形,事实上,我们的方法去从KP方程的递归公式可以看作是一个组合的简化古尔登和杰克逊的方法(连同一个额外的组合技巧)。所有这些公式都有一个非常组合的味道,但找到一个双射解释目前尚未解决。

英文摘要:

We establish a simple recurrence formula for the number $Q_g^n$ of rooted orientable maps counted by edges and genus. We also give a weighted variant for the generating polynomial $Q_g^n(x)$ where $x$ is a parameter taking the number of faces of the map into account, or equivalently a simple recurrence formula for the refined numbers $M_g^{i,j}$ that count maps by genus, vertices, and faces. These formulas give by far the fastest known way of computing these numbers, or the fixed-genus generating functions, especially for large $g$. In the very particular case of one-face maps, we recover the Harer-Zagier recurrence formula. Our main formula is a consequence of the KP equation for the generating function of bipartite maps, coupled with a Tutte equation, and it was apparently unnoticed before. It is similar in look to the one discovered by Goulden and Jackson for triangulations, and indeed our method to go from the KP equation to the recurrence formula can be seen as a combinatorial simplification of Goulden and Jackson's approach (together with one additional combinatorial trick). All these formulas have a very combinatorial flavour, but finding a bijective interpretation is currently unsolved.

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