arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1402.3582math.CO
收藏

关于平方的S-关键置换和双十字置换

S-crucial and bicrucial permutations with respect to squares

Ian Gent, Sergey Kitaev, Alexander Konovalov, Steve Linton, Peter Nightingale

摘要:

一个置换是无平方因子的,如果它不包含两个连续的长度为2或2以上的因子,并且它们是序同构的。一个置换相对于平方是双十字的,如果它是平方自由的,但它的任何元素向右或向左的任何扩展给出了一个不是平方自由的置换。关于正方形的双十字排列由Avgustinovich等人研究,他证明了对于$k\ge 1$,存在长度为$8k+1, 8k+5, 8k+7$的双十字排列。它被留下作为开放的问题是否bicrucial排列的偶数长度,或这种排列的长度$8k+3$存在。在本文中,我们提供了一个编码的排序,它允许我们,使用约束求解器的奴才,以表明,甚至长度的bicrucial排列存在,和最小的这种排列的长度为32。为了证明32是最小长度的问题,我们建立了一个结果,左关键(即,不能向左扩展)平方自由排列,开始于单调顺序的三个元素。此外,我们表明,双十字排列的长度$8k+3$存在的$k=2,3$,他们不存在的$k=1$。此外,我们概括的概念,右关键,左关键,和bicrucial排列在文献中研究在各种情况下,通过引入的概念$P$ -关键的排列,可以扩展到$P$ -关键字的概念。在S-关键置换中,$P$ -关键置换的一个特殊情况,我们处理的置换,避免禁止,但其在任何位置的扩展包含一个禁止。我们证明了S-关键排列存在的平方,最小的这样的排列的长度为17。最后,使用我们的软件,我们生成了许多相关数据,例如,有162,190,472个长度为19的双十字无平方排列。

英文摘要:

A permutation is square-free if it does not contain two consecutive factors of length two or more that are order-isomorphic. A permutation is bicrucial with respect to squares if it is square-free but any extension of it to the right or to the left by any element gives a permutation that is not square-free. Bicrucial permutations with respect to squares were studied by Avgustinovich et al., who proved that there exist bicrucial permutations of lengths $8k+1, 8k+5, 8k+7$ for $k\ge 1$. It was left as open questions whether bicrucial permutations of even length, or such permutations of length $8k+3$ exist. In this paper, we provide an encoding of orderings which allows us, using the constraint solver Minion, to show that bicrucial permutations of even length exist, and the smallest such permutations are of length 32. To show that 32 is the minimum length in question, we establish a result on left-crucial (that is, not extendable to the left) square-free permutations which begin with three elements in monotone order. Also, we show that bicrucial permutations of length $8k+3$ exist for $k=2,3$ and they do not exist for $k=1$. Further, we generalise the notions of right-crucial, left-crucial, and bicrucial permutations studied in the literature in various contexts, by introducing the notion of $P$-crucial permutations that can be extended to the notion of $P$-crucial words. In S-crucial permutations, a particular case of $P$-crucial permutations, we deal with permutations that avoid prohibitions, but whose extensions in any position contain a prohibition. We show that S-crucial permutations exist with respect to squares, and minimal such permutations are of length 17. Finally, using our software, we generate much of relevant data showing, for example, that there are 162,190,472 bicrucial square-free permutations of length 19.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑