arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 1402.2897quant-ph
收藏

幺正过程的量子增强层析成像

Quantum-enhanced tomography of unitary processes

Xiao-Qi Zhou, Hugo Cable, Rebecca Whittaker, Peter Shadbolt, Jeremy L. O'Brien, Jonathan C. F. Matthews

摘要:

光子学的一项基本任务是研究未知的光学过程,这些过程由诸如双折射、光谱响应、厚度和平坦度等特性定义。在实现这一目标的许多方法中,单光子探针可以用于一种称为量子过程层析成像(QPT)的方法。此外,QPT是确定过程如何作用于量子力学状态的基本方法。例如,对于量子技术,QPT被用于验证多量子比特处理器和量子通信信道;在量子物理学中,某种形式的QPT通常是对新物理过程的第一次实验研究,如最近对生物机制中相干传输的研究所示。然而,QPT的精度是有限的事实,即测量与单粒子探针受到不可避免的散粒噪声--这适用于单光子和激光探针。在测量资源有限的情况下,例如,在过程快速变化或时间带宽受限的情况下,克服这种精度限制变得至关重要。在这里,我们设计并演示了一个计划,利用非经典输入状态和量子干涉断层扫描,与以前的QPT方法不同,我们的计划利用的可能性,同时使用多个光子每模式。效率-通过使用的每个光子的精度量化-随着更大的光子数输入状态而缩放。我们的演示使用四光子状态,我们的结果表明,与传统的QPT方法相比,统计波动大幅减少-在理想情况下,一个四光子探测状态产生与12个单探测光子相同的统计信息量。

英文摘要:

A fundamental task in photonics is to characterise an unknown optical process, defined by properties such as birefringence, spectral response, thickness and flatness. Amongst many ways to achieve this, single-photon probes can be used in a method called quantum process tomography (QPT). Furthermore, QPT is an essential method in determining how a process acts on quantum mechanical states. For example for quantum technology, QPT is used to characterise multi-qubit processors and quantum communication channels; across quantum physics QPT of some form is often the first experimental investigation of a new physical process, as shown in the recent research into coherent transport in biological mechanisms. However, the precision of QPT is limited by the fact that measurements with single-particle probes are subject to unavoidable shot noise---this holds for both single photon and laser probes. In situations where measurement resources are limited, for example, where the process is rapidly changing or the time bandwidth is constrained, it becomes essential to overcome this precision limit. Here we devise and demonstrate a scheme for tomography which exploits non-classical input states and quantum interferences; unlike previous QPT methods our scheme capitalises upon the possibility to use simultaneously multiple photons per mode. The efficiency---quantified by precision per photon used---scales with larger photon number input states. Our demonstration uses four-photon states and our results show a substantial reduction of statistical fluctuations compared to traditional QPT methods---in the ideal case one four-photon probe state yields the same amount of statistical information as twelve single probe photons.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑