这份文件提供了一些关于妇女在意大利天文学中的作用的量化事实。超过26%的意大利天文学联合会成员是女性:这是世界领先的天文学国家中最大的比例。这一比例高的主要原因是妇女在国家农业研究所中的存在,妇女在研究人员中占32%(908人中有289人),在技术/行政人员中占40%(433人中有173人);在长期研究人员中,这一比例略低(599人中有180人,约占30%)。妇女在大学中的比例较低(161人中有27人,约占17%)。尽管有这些(轻微)积极的事实,我们注意到,与其他国家(如美国和德国)类似,意大利天文学家的职业前景显然比男性更差。在国家农业研究所内,妇女在非长期职位中所占比例约为35-40%,在调查员中占36%,在Associato/Primo Ricercatore中占17%,在Ordinario/Dirigente di Ricerca中仅占13%。大学的情况更糟(只有6%的普通教授是女性)。我们发现,如果根据引用而不是职位对研究人员进行排序,也存在类似的趋势:例如,在意大利工作的100名被引用最多的天文学家中,女性仅占15%,这一比例是整个欧洲的两倍。在最有影响力的论文的第一作者中也发现了类似的比例,这不能解释为过去女性存在较少的残余。我们的结论是,内隐的性别歧视因素可能占主导地位的外显的,仍然强烈的工作。最后,我们讨论了典型的职业生涯模式和这些因素之间的可能联系。
英文摘要:
This document gives some quantitative facts about the role of women in Italian astronomy. More than 26% of Italian IAU members are women: this is the largest fraction among the world leading countries in astronomy. Most of this high fraction is due to their presence in INAF, where women make up 32% of the research staff (289 out of 908) and 40% of the technical/administrative staff (173 out of 433); the percentage is slightly lower among permanent research staff (180 out of 599, about 30%). The presence of women is lower in the Universities (27 out of 161, about 17%, among staff). In spite of these (mildly) positive facts, we notice that similarly to other countries (e.g. USA and Germany) career prospects for Italian astronomers are clearly worse for women than for men. Within INAF, the fraction of women is about 35-40% among non-permanent position, 36% for Investigators, 17% for Associato/Primo Ricercatore, and only 13% among Ordinario/Dirigente di Ricerca. The situation is even worse at University (only 6% of Professore Ordinario are women). We found that similar trends are also present if researchers are ordered according to citation rather than position: for instance, women make up only 15% among the 100 most cited astronomers working in Italy, a percentage which is however twice that over all Europe. A similar fraction is found among first authors of most influential papers, which cannot be explained as a residual of a lower female presence in the past. We conclude that implicit sex discrimination factors probably dominate over explicit ones and are still strongly at work. Finally, we discuss the possible connection between the typical career pattern and these factors.
Astro2020 APC White Paper: Findings and Recommendations from the AAS Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy: Advancing the Career Development of Women in Astronomy
Astro2020 APC White Paper: Findings and Recommendations from the AAS Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy: Towards Eliminating Harassment in Astronomy
在2021年3月发出的天体物理学幸福感调查之后,为了确定主要在法国的天体物理学研究人员如何体验他们的职业生涯,一些结果发表在Webb等人(2021)。在这里,我们进一步分析数据,以确定性别是否会导致天体物理学中的不同体验。我们还研究了与长期员工相比对临时员工(主要是博士生和博士后)福祉的影响。虽然更多的临时工作人员表示,他们比长期工作人员感到永远不堪重负,但不同性别在天体物理学方面的经历总体上非常相似,只有一个领域除外。经历过骚扰或歧视的女性是男性的三倍多,性别歧视和性骚扰的比例急剧上升,所有经历过性骚扰并在调查中提供性别的人都是女性。此外,正如之前报道的那样(Webb et al. 2021),20%的受访者在开始天体物理学职业生涯之前曾遭受过心理健康问题。我们发现,虽然这个群体在男性和女性方面大致相等,但自从开始从事天体物理学以来,经历心理健康问题的天文学家人数急剧上升至近45%。在这一人口中,女性比男性多50%。这一过剩的女性几乎完全是由受到骚扰或歧视的妇女人口组成的。