SDSS-IV 2014至2016年：三年间的详细人口统计学比较
SDSS-IV from 2014 to 2016: A Detailed Demographic Comparison over Three Years
AI总结：
基于2014-2016年调查数据，分析SDSS-IV合作成员的人口统计学特征，揭示性别、种族、教育背景等方面的不平等，并提出改善大型天文合作公平与包容性的建议。
摘要：
斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）是最大的国际天文学组织之一。我们基于2014年、2015年和2016年对其成员进行的调查，展示了SDSS第四阶段（SDSS-IV）期间的人口统计数据。我们发现约一半的SDSS-IV合作成员位于北美，四分之一位于欧洲，其余位于亚洲、中美洲和南美洲。总体而言，女性占26%至36%（2014至2016年间），高达2%的人报告为非二元性别。11%至14%的人报告他们在居住地属于种族或族裔少数群体。女性比例随资历增加而下降，在合作领导层中比例也较低。SDSS-IV中的男性更可能报告担任领导角色，且该角色更可能是有偿且被正式认可的。SDSS-IV合作成员拥有大学学历父母的可能性是普通人群的两倍，拥有博士学位父母的可能性是普通人群的十倍。这一趋势在女性合作成员中略有增强。尽管如此，第一代大学生（FGCS）的比例显著（31%）。这一比例在属于种族或族裔少数群体的合作成员中有所增加（40-50%），而在女性中有所下降（15-25%）。SDSS-IV实施了多项包容性政策，并设立了一个专门委员会，即SDSS包容性委员会（COINS）。超过60%的合作成员认为该合作具有包容性；然而，合作领导层比普通成员更强烈地认同这一点。在本文中，我们全面解释了这些结果，包括SDSS-IV中包容性努力的历史。我们最后根据研究结果提出了一系列建议，可用于改善大型天文学合作中的公平与包容性，我们认为这不仅符合道德，而且还能优化其科学产出。
英文摘要：
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is one of the largest international astronomy organizations. We present demographic data based on surveys of its members from 2014, 2015 and 2016, during the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV). We find about half of SDSS-IV collaboration members were based in North America, a quarter in Europe, and the remainder in Asia and Central and South America. Overall, 26-36% are women (from 2014 to 2016), up to 2% report non-binary genders. 11-14% report that they are racial or ethnic minorities where they live. The fraction of women drops with seniority, and is also lower among collaboration leadership. Men in SDSS-IV were more likely to report being in a leadership role, and for the role to be funded and formally recognized. SDSS-IV collaboration members are twice as likely to have a parent with a college degree, than the general population, and are ten times more likely to have a parent with a PhD. This trend is slightly enhanced for female collaboration members. Despite this, the fraction of first generation college students (FGCS) is significant (31%). This fraction increased among collaboration members who are racial or ethnic minorities (40-50%), and decreased among women (15-25%). SDSS-IV implemented many inclusive policies and established a dedicated committee, the Committee on INclusiveness in SDSS (COINS). More than 60% of the collaboration agree that the collaboration is inclusive; however, collaboration leadership more strongly agree with this than the general membership. In this paper, we explain these results in full, including the history of inclusive efforts in SDSS-IV. We conclude with a list of suggested recommendations based on our findings, which can be used to improve equity and inclusion in large astronomical collaborations, which we argue is not only moral, but will also optimize their scientific output.
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