法国妇女在获得天文学长期职位方面面临的不平等
Inequalities faced by women in access to permanent positions in astronomy in France
摘要：
我们调查的不平等获得永久性职位在法国的专业天文学，专注于招聘阶段。我们使用代表法国天文学和天体物理学会（SF2A）进行的一项全国性调查的结果，该调查针对在法国获得博士学位的年轻天文学家，并由300多名研究人员回答。我们发现，妇女被（国家或地方）分配永久职位的委员会（$p=0.06$）选中的可能性比男子低近两倍。我们还发现，在精英学校（“Grande École”）而不是在大学完成本科学业的申请人，在那里女性在很大程度上代表性不足，成功获得职位的可能性几乎是三倍（$p=0.0026$）。我们的分析表明，存在两种偏见的委员会归因于在法国天文学的永久职位：性别偏见，和精英主义的形式。这些对女性职业生活的偏见影响了她们的个人生活，因为我们的调查显示，她们中有很大一部分人声称生孩子会对她们的职业生涯产生负面影响。在样本中，她们是有孩子的男性的一半。国家委员会（如国家科学研究中心）几年来一直承认这一问题，因此人们可以希望在未来十年内看到变化。
英文摘要：
We investigate inequalities in access to permanent positions in professional astronomy in France, focusing on the hiring stage. We use results from a national survey conducted on behalf of the French society of astronomy and astrophysics (SF2A) aimed at young astronomers holding a PhD obtained in France, and answered by over 300 researchers. We find that women are nearly two times less likely than men to be selected by the (national or local) committees attributing permanent positions ($p=0.06$). We also find that applicants who did their undergraduate studies in an elite school ("Grande École"), where women are largely under-represented, rather than in a university, are nearly three times more likely to succeed in obtaining a position ($p=0.0026$). Our analysis suggests the existence of two biases in committees attributing permanent positions in astronomy in France: a gender bias, and a form of elitism. These biases against women in their professional life impacts their personal life as our survey shows that a larger fraction of them declare that having children can have a negative effect on their careers. They are half as many as men having children in the sample. National committees (such as the CNRS) have acknowledged this issue for several years now, hence one can hope that changes will be seen in the next decade.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
