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arXiv 1402.1124cond-mat.mes-hall
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拓扑绝缘体Bi_2Se_3的自旋转移矩

Spin Transfer Torque Generated by the Topological Insulator Bi_2Se_3

A. R. Mellnik, J. S. Lee, A. Richardella, J. L. Grab, P. J. Mintun, M. H. Fischer, A. Vaezi, A. Manchon, E. -A. Kim, N. Samarth, D. C. Ralph

摘要:

磁性器件是实现非易失性存储器和逻辑技术的领先竞争者,可以扩展到高密度和高速,并且不会磨损。然而,磁存储器和逻辑器件的广泛应用将需要开发使用尽可能少的电流和功率来重新定向其磁化的有效机制。最近在这方面取得了相当大的进展,特别是发现重金属/铁磁体双层中的自旋-轨道相互作用可以通过重金属中的自旋霍尔效应或铁磁体中的Rashba-Edelstein效应在磁性层上产生强大的电流驱动扭矩。作为寻找提供甚至更有效的自旋-轨道诱导转矩的材料的一部分,一些提议已经提出了拓扑绝缘体(TI),其具有表面状态,其中自旋-轨道耦合的效应在电子的自旋取向相对于其传播方向被锁定的意义上是最大的。实验结果表明,室温下在TI Bi_2Se_3的薄膜中面内流动的电荷电流确实可以对相邻的铁磁坡莫合金(Py = Ni_(81)Fe_(19))薄膜施加强的自旋转移力矩,其方向与拓扑表面态所预期的方向一致。我们发现Bi_2Se_3的每单位电荷电流密度的转矩的强度大于迄今为止测量的任何其他自旋转矩源材料,甚至对于其中表面态与体导电共存的非理想TI膜也是如此。我们的数据表明,TI有潜力使非常有效的磁性材料在室温下的存储器和逻辑应用的电气操作。

英文摘要:

Magnetic devices are a leading contender for implementing memory and logic technologies that are nonvolatile, that can scale to high density and high speed, and that do not suffer wear-out. However, widespread applications of magnetic memory and logic devices will require the development of efficient mechanisms for reorienting their magnetization using the least possible current and power. There has been considerable recent progress in this effort, in particular discoveries that spin-orbit interactions in heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayers can yield strong current-driven torques on the magnetic layer, via the spin Hall effect in the heavy metal or the Rashba-Edelstein effect in the ferromagnet. As part of the search for materials to provide even more efficient spin-orbit-induced torques, some proposals have suggested topological insulators (TIs), which possess a surface state in which the effects of spin-orbit coupling are maximal in the sense that an electron's spin orientation is locked relative to its propagation direction. Here we report experiments showing that charge current flowing in-plane in a thin film of the TI Bi_2Se_3 at room temperature can indeed apply a strong spin-transfer torque to an adjacent ferromagnetic permalloy (Py = Ni81Fe19) thin film, with a direction consistent with that expected from the topological surface state. We find that the strength of the torque per unit charge current density in the Bi_2Se_3 is greater than for any other spin-torque source material measured to date, even for non-ideal TI films wherein the surface states coexist with bulk conduction. Our data suggest that TIs have potential to enable very efficient electrical manipulation of magnetic materials at room temperature for memory and logic applications.

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