arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 1401.7013astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
收藏

光学光变曲线双峰型超新星与低质量扩展包层的前身星特征

Supernovae with Two Peaks in the Optical Light Curve and the Signature of Progenitors with Low-mass Extended Envelopes

Ehud Nakar, Anthony L. Piro

摘要:

超新星光变曲线的早期观测是揭示其祖先爆炸前结构和爆炸前质量损失历史的有力工具。一些在爆炸后的第一天被探测到的核心坍缩超新星在光学波段显著地显示出两个峰值,包括$R$和$I$波段,其中第一个峰值似乎是由冲击表面物质的冷却提供动力,第二个峰值显然是由放射性衰变提供动力。SN 1993 J和2011 dh的光变曲线在理论上已经被详细研究过,发现它们可以用具有扩展的低质量包层的祖先来解释。这里我们推广了这些结果。首先,我们探讨这种类型的双峰光变曲线是否可以由具有“标准”密度分布的祖先产生,例如红超巨星或沃尔夫-拉叶星。我们发现,标准的前身(1)不能在$R$和$I$波段产生双峰光变曲线,(2)不能表现出在第一个峰之后所看到的热光度的快速下降。然后,我们探索了一个祖先的签名与一个紧凑的核心所包围的扩展,低质量的材料。这可能是一个流体静力学的低质量包层或在爆炸前喷出的物质。我们表明,它自然产生这两个功能。我们使用这个结果来提供简单的公式来估计(1)从第一个峰的时间开始的扩展材料的质量,(2)从第一个峰的亮度开始的扩展材料半径,以及(3)从两个峰之间的亮度最小值开始的核心半径的上限。

英文摘要:

Early observations of supernova light curves are powerful tools for shedding light on the pre-explosion structures of their progenitors and their mass-loss histories just prior to explosion. Some core-collapse supernovae that are detected during the first days after the explosion prominently show two peaks in the optical bands, including the $R$ and $I$ bands, where the first peak appears to be powered by the cooling of shocked surface material and the second peak is clearly powered by radioactive decay. Such light curves have been explored in detail theoretically for SN 1993J and 2011dh, where it was found that they may be explained by progenitors with extended, low-mass envelopes. Here we generalize these results. We explore, first, whether any double-peaked light curve of this type can be generated by a progenitor with a "standard" density profile, such as a red supergiant or a Wolf-Rayet star. We show that a standard progenitor (1) cannot produce a double-peaked light curve in the $R$ and $I$ bands, and (2) cannot exhibit a fast drop in the bolometric luminosity as is seen after the first peak. We then explore the signature of a progenitor with a compact core surrounded by extended, low-mass material. This may be a hydrostatic low-mass envelope or material ejected just prior to the explosion. We show that it naturally produces both of these features. We use this result to provide simple formulae to estimate (1) the mass of the extended material from the time of the first peak, (2) the extended material radius from the luminosity of the first peak, and (3) an upper limit on the core radius from the luminosity minimum between the two peaks.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑