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arXiv 1401.5331astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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矮星系中低质量黑洞活动星系核低速吸积的Chandra和MMT观测

Chandra and MMT observations of low-mass black hole active galactic nuclei accreting at low rates in dwarf galaxies

W. Yuan, H. Zhou, L. Dou, X. -B. Dong, X. Fan, T. -G. Wang

摘要:

我们报道了对四个候选的低质量黑洞(<10^6兆太阳)活动星系核(AGN)的钱德拉X射线观测结果,这些活动星系核的爱丁顿比估计值是这类活动星系核中最低的(~10^(-2))。目的是验证活动星系核的性质,确认由宽H_α线导出的低爱丁顿比,并在活动星系核参数空间中探索这一研究较少的区域。其中两个宽线显著性最低的天体也被多镜望远镜观测到,获得的高质量光谱证实它们是Seyfert 1活动星系核,并具有小的黑洞质量。在其中两个星系的核中探测到了X射线辐射,其变化的时间尺度为10^3秒,而在其余两个星系中没有发现显著的(或充其量只是边缘的)探测。X射线光度在10^(41)ergs/s的数量级,甚至更低,在10^(40)ergs/s的数量级,这是塞弗特星系探测到的最低区域之一。低X射线光度,与它们的黑洞质量来自H_α,确认它们的低吸积率假设典型的热校正。我们的研究结果暗示了在局部宇宙中可能存在大量的低质量黑洞。在其中一个矮星系中偶然发现了一个离核超亮X射线源(ULX),亮度为(6-9)x10^(39)ergs/s,能量范围为2-10 keV。

英文摘要:

We report on Chandra X-ray observations of four candidate low-mass black hole (<10^6Msun) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that have the estimated Eddington ratios among the lowest (~10^(-2)) found for this class. The aims are to validate the nature of their AGNs and to confirm the low Eddington ratios that are derived from the broad H_alpha line, and to explore this poorly studied regime in the AGN parameter space. Among them, two objects with the lowest significance of the broad lines are also observed with Multi-Mirror Telescope, and the high-quality optical spectra taken confirm them as Seyfert 1 AGNs and as having small black hole masses. X-ray emission is detected from the nuclei of two of the galaxies, which is variable on timescales of 10^3s, whereas no significant (or only marginal at best) detection is found for the remaining two. The X-ray luminosities are on the order of 10^(41) ergs/s or even lower, on the order of 10^(40) ergs/s for non-detections, which are among the lowest regimes ever probed for Seyfert galaxies. The low X-ray luminosities, compared to their black hole masses derived from H_alpha, confirm their low accretion rates assuming typical bolometric corrections. Our results hint at the existence of a possibly large population of under-luminous low-mass black holes in the local universe. An off-nucleus ultra-luminous X-ray source (ULX) in one of the dwarf galaxies is detected serendipitously, with a luminosity (6-9)x10^(39) ergs/s in 2-10 keV.

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