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arXiv 1401.0932astro-ph.SR
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磁化太阳型恒星的自旋下降动力学

Spin-down dynamics of magnetized solar-type stars

Rosie Oglethorpe, Pascale Garaud

摘要:

人们早就知道,太阳型恒星在它们的主序星寿命期间通过磁制动经历了显著的自旋下降。然而,磁制动只作用于表面层;目前还不完全了解角动量如何在恒星内部传输,以及自旋下降信息如何快速传递到内部深处。在这项工作中,我们利用最近在了解太阳内部动力学方面取得的进展来模拟其他太阳型恒星的内部。按照Gough和McIntyre(1998)的观点,我们假设这些恒星的辐射区的大部分是由于嵌入的大尺度原始场的存在而保持均匀旋转的,该原始场被从对流区向下涌来的大尺度纬向流限制在稳定分层的无磁速跃层之下。我们推导出简单的方程来描述该模型内部对表面层自旋下降的响应,这与MacGregor和Brenner(1991)的两区模型相同,耦合时标与速度跃层上的局部Eddington-Sweet时标成比例。这个时间尺度取决于恒星的自转速率和速跃层的厚度,根据恒星的性质,可以从几十万年到几个陀螺。模型的定性预测似乎与观测结果一致,但敏感地依赖于假设的速度跃层厚度对恒星自转速率的函数依赖性。

英文摘要:

It has long been known that solar-type stars undergo significant spin-down, via magnetic braking, during their Main-Sequence lifetimes. However, magnetic braking only operates on the surface layers; it is not yet completely understood how angular momentum is transported within the star, and how rapidly the spin-down information is communicated to the deep interior. In this work, we use insight from recent progress in understanding internal solar dynamics to model the interior of other solar-type stars. We assume, following Gough and McIntyre (1998), that the bulk of the radiation zone of these stars is held in uniform rotation by the presence of an embedded large-scale primordial field, confined below a stably-stratified, magnetic-free tachocline by large-scale meridional flows downwelling from the convection zone. We derive simple equations to describe the response of this model interior to spin-down of the surface layers, that are identical to the two-zone model of MacGregor and Brenner (1991), with a coupling timescale proportional to the local Eddington-Sweet timescale across the tachocline. This timescale depends both on the rotation rate of the star and on the thickness of the tachocline, and can vary from a few hundred thousand years to a few Gyr, depending on stellar properties. Qualitative predictions of the model appear to be consistent with observations, although depend sensitively on the assumed functional dependence of the tachocline thickness on the stellar rotation rate.

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