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arXiv 1310.4178astro-ph.CO
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哪个星系支配着宇宙中的中性气体?

Which galaxies dominate the neutral gas content of the Universe?

Claudia del P. Lagos, C. M. Baugh, M. A. Zwaan, C. G. Lacey, V. Gonzalez-Perez, C. Power, A. M. Swinbank, E. van Kampen

摘要:

研究了不同性质星系对恒星形成率(SFR)、原子氢(HI)和分子氢(H2)密度的贡献随红移的变化。我们使用的星系形成的GALFORM模型,这是设置在LCDM框架。该模型包括一个自洽的计算的SFR,这取决于星系的H2含量。预测的SFR密度以及其中有多少是由具有不同恒星质量和红外光度的星系贡献的,与观测结果一致。该模型预测了HI密度在z<3时的适度演化,这也与观测结果一致。预测HI密度总是由SFR<1 Msun/yr的星系主导。这与H2密度形成对比,H2密度被预测由SFR> 10 Msun/yr的星系占主导地位。目前的高红移星系巡天仅限于探测SFR> 30 Msun/yr的星系中的一氧化碳,在我们的模型中,这最多占宇宙中H2的20%。在恒星质量方面,预测的H2密度主要是由大质量星系,Mstellar>10^10Msun,而HI密度主要是由低质量星系,Mstellar<10^9Msun。在即将到来的中性气体调查的背景下,我们认为,主导宇宙HI含量的星系的微弱性质将阻碍光学对应物的识别,而对于H2,我们期望对现有星系目录的分子发射线进行后续观测,以揭示宇宙的H2密度。

英文摘要:

We study the contribution of galaxies with different properties to the global densities of star formation rate (SFR), atomic (HI) and molecular hydrogen (H2) as a function of redshift. We use the GALFORM model of galaxy formation, which is set in the LCDM framework. This model includes a self-consistent calculation of the SFR, which depends on the H2 content of galaxies. The predicted SFR density and how much of this is contributed by galaxies with different stellar masses and infrared luminosities are in agreement with observations. The model predicts a modest evolution of the HI density at z<3, which is also in agreement with the observations. The HI density is predicted to be always dominated by galaxies with SFR<1Msun/yr. This contrasts with the H2 density, which is predicted to be dominated by galaxies with SFR>10Msun/yr. Current high-redshift galaxy surveys are limited to detect carbon monoxide in galaxies with SFR>30Msun/yr, which in our model make up, at most, 20% of the H2 in the universe. In terms of stellar mass, the predicted H2 density is dominated by massive galaxies, Mstellar>10^10Msun, while the HI density is dominated by low mass galaxies, Mstellar<10^9Msun. In the context of upcoming neutral gas surveys, we suggest that the faint nature of the galaxies dominating the HI content of the Universe will hamper the identification of optical counterparts, while for H2, we expect follow up observations of molecular emission lines of already existing galaxy catalogues to be able to uncover the H2 density of the Universe.

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