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平衡量子系统中的能量和横动量涨落

Energy and Transverse Momentum Fluctuations in the Equilibrium Quantum Systems

M. I. Gorenstein, M. Rybczynski

备注：
17 pages, 3 figures
发表信息：
Phys. Lett. B730 (2014) 70
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摘要：

本文用两个广义量$A$和$B$定义的强强度测度$Δ[A,B]$和$Σ[A,B]$研究了理想量子气体中的涨落.在本文中，这些广泛的量被视为运动变量，$A=X$，系统能量$E$或横向动量$P_T$，和粒子数，$B=N$。这种选择在研究高能核-核碰撞中的逐事件涨落和关联时最常考虑。最近提出的特殊规范化，确保$Δ$和$Σ$是无量纲的，等于单位的波动的独立粒子模型。在统计力学中，玻尔兹曼近似下的巨正则系综表述给出了独立粒子模型的一个例子。我们的结果表明，由于玻色和费米统计的影响。估计的影响，在强子气体的温度和化学势的强子生产在高能碰撞的热模型的典型。在无质量粒子和零化学势的情况下，$Δ$和$Σ$的措施进行了分析计算。

英文摘要：

The fluctuations in the ideal quantum gases are studied using the strongly intensive measures $Δ[A,B]$ and $Σ[A,B]$ defined in terms of two extensive quantities $A$ and $B$. In the present paper, these extensive quantities are taken as the motional variable, $A=X$, the system energy $E$ or transverse momentum $P_T$, and number of particles, $B=N$. This choice is most often considered in studying the event-by-event fluctuations and correlations in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The recently proposed special normalization ensures that $Δ$ and $Σ$ are dimensionless and equal to unity for fluctuations given by the independent particle model. In statistical mechanics, the grand canonical ensemble formulation within the Boltzmann approximation gives an example of independent particle model. Our results demonstrate the effects due to the Bose and Fermi statistics. Estimates of the effects of quantum statistics in the hadron gas at temperatures and chemical potentials typical for thermal models of hadron production in high energy collisions are presented. In the case of massless particles and zero chemical potential the $Δ$ and $Σ$ measures are calculated analytically.

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