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arXiv 1306.6348astro-ph.SR
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交叉螺旋度和相关发电机

Cross helicity and related dynamo

Nobumitsu Yokoi

摘要:

湍流交叉螺旋度直接关系到平均涡度的电动势和平均磁场应变的雷诺应力张量的耦合系数。这表明,交叉螺旋效应是重要的情况下,全球不均匀的流动和磁场结构。由于这种大尺度结构在地球/天体物理现象中普遍存在,交叉螺旋度效应有望在地球/天体物理流动中发挥重要作用。在湍流交叉螺旋度的存在下,平均涡旋运动对湍流电动势有贡献。由于这种效应产生的磁场被称为交叉螺旋发电机。介绍了交叉螺旋发电机的几个特点。与螺旋度或$α$效应中${\bf{J}}$与湍流电动势中的${\bf{B}}$对齐的情况不同,我们通常在交叉螺旋度发电机中具有有限的平均场洛伦兹力${\bf{J}} \times {\bf{B}}$。这给出了交叉螺旋度效应的一个显著特征。通过在动量方程中考虑交叉螺旋度的影响,我们看到了这种影响的几个有趣的结果。与平均磁剪切耦合的湍流交叉螺旋度减小了湍流或涡动粘性的影响。流动诱导是这种效应的一个重要结果。交叉螺旋发电机的一个关键问题是研究如何以及有多少交叉螺旋可以在湍流中存在。在交叉螺旋度输运方程的基础上,讨论了交叉螺旋度输运的产生机制。一些最近的事态发展,在数值验证的基本概念的交叉螺旋发电机。

英文摘要:

The turbulent cross helicity is directly related to the coupling coefficients for the mean vorticity in the electromotive force and for the mean magnetic-field strain in the Reynolds stress tensor. This suggests that the cross-helicity effects are important in the cases where global inhomogeneous flow and magnetic-field structures are present. Since such large-scale structures are ubiquitous in geo/astrophysical phenomena, the cross-helicity effect is expected to play an important role in geo/astrophysical flows. In the presence of turbulent cross helicity, the mean vortical motion contributes to the turbulent electromotive force. Magnetic-field generation due to this effect is called the cross-helicity dynamo. Several features of the cross-helicity dynamo are introduced. Unlike the case in the helicity or $α$ effect, where ${\bf{J}}$ is aligned with ${\bf{B}}$ in the turbulent electromotive force, we in general have a finite mean-field Lorentz force ${\bf{J}} \times {\bf{B}}$ in the cross-helicity dynamo. This gives a distinguished feature of the cross-helicity effect. By considering the effects of cross helicity in the momentum equation, we see several interesting consequences of the effect. Turbulent cross helicity coupled with the mean magnetic shear reduces the effect of turbulent or eddy viscosity. Flow induction is an important consequence of this effect. One key issue in the cross-helicity dynamo is to examine how and how much cross helicity can be present in turbulence. On the basis of the cross-helicity transport equation, its production mechanisms are discussed. Some recent developments in numerical validation of the basic notion of the cross-helicity dynamo are also presented.

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