Extragalactic millimeter-wave point source catalog, number counts and statistics from 771 square degrees of the SPT-SZ Survey
L. M. Mocanu, T. M. Crawford, J. D. Vieira, K. A. Aird, M. Aravena, J. E. Austermann, B. A. Benson, M. Béthermin, L. E. Bleem, M. Bothwell, J. E. Carlstrom, C. … 展开作者
L. M. Mocanu, T. M. Crawford, J. D. Vieira, K. A. Aird, M. Aravena, J. E. Austermann, B. A. Benson, M. Béthermin, L. E. Bleem, M. Bothwell, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, S. Chapman, H-M. Cho, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. B. Everett, E. M. George, N. W. Halverson, N. Harrington, Y. Hezaveh, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, S. Hoover, J. D. Hrubes, R. Keisler, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, M. Lueker, D. Luong-Van, D. P. Marrone, J. J. McMahon, J. Mehl, S. S. Meyer, J. J. Mohr, T. E. Montroy, T. Natoli, S. Padin, T. Plagge, C. Pryke, A. Rest, C. L. Reichardt, J. E. Ruhl, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, E. Shirokoff, H. G. Spieler, J. S. Spilker, B. Stalder, Z. Staniszewski, A. A. Stark, K. T. Story, E. R. Switzer, K. Vanderlinde, R. Williamson
We present a point source catalog from 771 square degrees of the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. We detect 1545 sources above 4.5 sigma significance in at least one band. Based on their relative brightness between survey bands, we classify the sources into two populations, one dominated by synchrotron emission from active galactic nuclei, and one dominated by thermal emission from dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies. We find 1238 synchrotron and 307 dusty sources. We cross-match all sources against external catalogs and find 189 unidentified synchrotron sources and 189 unidentified dusty sources. The dusty sources without counterparts are good candidates for high-redshift, strongly lensed submillimeter galaxies. We derive number counts for each population from 1 Jy down to roughly 9, 5, and 11 mJy at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. We compare these counts with galaxy population models and find that none of the models we consider for either population provide a good fit to the measured counts in all three bands. The disparities imply that these measurements will be an important input to the next generation of millimeter-wave extragalactic source population models.
We present three maps of the millimeter-wave sky created by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Planck satellite. We use data from the SPT-SZ survey, a survey of 2540 deg$^2$ of the the sky with arcminute resolution in three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, and the full-mission Planck temperature data in the 100, 143, and 217 GHz bands. A linear combination of the SPT-SZ and Planck data is computed in spherical harmonic space, with weights derived from the noise of both instruments. This weighting scheme results in Planck data providing most of the large-angular-s…
We study the polarisation properties of extragalactic sources at 95 and 150 GHz in the SPTpol 500 deg$^2$ survey. We estimate the polarised power by stacking maps at known source positions, and correct for noise bias by subtracting the mean polarised power at random positions in the maps. We show that the method is unbiased using a set of simulated maps with similar noise properties to the real SPTpol maps. We find a flux-weighted mean-squared polarisation fraction $\langle p^2 \rangle= [8.9\pm1.1] \times 10^{-4}$ at 95 GHz and $[6.9\pm1.1] \times 10^{-4}$ at 150~GHz for the full sample. This …
SPT-3G D1: Maps of the millimeter-wave sky from 2019 and 2020 observations of the SPT-3G Main field
Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris（巴黎天体物理研究所）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；Université Paris Cité（巴黎西岱大学）；CEA（法国原子能和替代能源委员会）；AIM（物质与宇宙研究实验室）；University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）
We present the first cluster catalog extracted from combined space-based (Planck) and ground-based (South Pole Telescope; SPT-SZ) millimeter data. We developed and applied a matched multi-filter (MMF) capable of dealing with the different transfer functions and resolutions of the two datasets. We verified that it produces results consistent with publications from Planck and SPT collaborations when applied on the datasets individually. We also verified that Planck and SPT-SZ cluster fluxes are consistent with each other. When applied blindly to the combined dataset, the MMF generated a catalog …
The millimeter transient sky is largely unexplored, with measurements limited to follow-up of objects detected at other wavelengths. High-angular-resolution telescopes designed for measurement of the cosmic microwave background offer the possibility to discover new, unknown transient sources in this band, particularly the afterglows of unobserved gamma-ray bursts. Here we use the 10-meter millimeter-wave South Pole Telescope, designed for the primary purpose of observing the cosmic microwave background at arcminute and larger angular scales, to conduct a search for such objects. During the 201…
The results of the recently published spectroscopically complete survey of dusty star-forming galaxies detected by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) over 2500 deg^2 proved to be challenging for galaxy formation models that generally underpredict the observed abundance of high-z galaxies. In this paper we interpret these results in the light of a physically grounded model for the evolution of spheroidal galaxies. The model accurately reproduces the measured redshift distribution of galaxies without any adjustment of the parameters. The data do not support the indications of an excess of z > 4 dust…
High-angular-resolution cosmic microwave background experiments provide a unique opportunity to conduct a survey of time-variable sources at millimeter wavelengths, a population which has primarily been understood through follow-up measurements of detections in other bands. Here we report the first results of an astronomical transient survey with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) using the SPT-3G camera to observe 1500 square degrees of the southern sky. The observations took place from March to November 2020 in three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. This survey yielded the detection of fi…
We report new measurements of millimeter-wave power spectra in the angular multipole range $2000 \le \ell \le 11,000$ (angular scales $5^\prime \gtrsim θ\gtrsim 1^\prime$). By adding 95 and 150\,GHz data from the low-noise 500 deg$^2$ SPTpol survey to the SPT-SZ three-frequency 2540 deg$^2$ survey, we substantially reduce the uncertainties in these bands. These power spectra include contributions from the primary cosmic microwave background, cosmic infrared background, radio galaxies, and thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects. The data favor a thermal SZ (tSZ) power at 143\,GHz…
The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a millimeter-wavelength telescope designed for high-precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The SPT measures both the temperature and polarization of the CMB with a large aperture, resulting in high resolution maps sensitive to signals across a wide range of angular scales on the sky. With these data, the SPT has the potential to make a broad range of cosmological measurements. These include constraining the effect of massive neutrinos on large-scale structure formation as well as cleaning galactic and cosmological foregrounds from CMB…
We present the results of SPT-GMOS, a spectroscopic survey with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini South. The targets of SPT-GMOS are galaxy clusters identified in the SPT-SZ survey, a millimeter-wave survey of 2500 squ. deg. of the southern sky using the South Pole Telescope (SPT). Multi-object spectroscopic observations of 62 SPT-selected galaxy clusters were performed between January 2011 and December 2015, yielding spectra with radial velocity measurements for 2595 sources. We identify 2243 of these sources as galaxies, and 352 as stars. Of the galaxies, we identify 1579…
We measure the correlation of galaxy lensing and cosmic microwave background lensing with a set of galaxies expected to trace the matter density field. The measurements are performed using pre-survey Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification optical imaging data and millimeter-wave data from the 2500 square degree South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. The two lensing-galaxy correlations are jointly fit to extract constraints on cosmological parameters, constraints on the redshift distribution of the lens galaxies, and constraints on the absolute shear calibration of DES …
We present a catalog of galaxy cluster candidates detected in 100 square degrees surveyed with the SPTpol receiver on the South Pole Telescope. The catalog contains 89 candidates detected with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 4.6. The candidates are selected using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect at 95 and 150 GHz. Using both space- and ground-based optical and infrared telescopes, we have confirmed 81 candidates as galaxy clusters. We use these follow-up images and archival images to estimate photometric redshifts for 66 galaxy clusters and spectroscopic observations to obtain redshifts for …
We present simulated millimeter-wavelength maps and catalogs of radio galaxies across the full sky that trace the nonlinear clustering and evolution of dark matter halos from the Websky simulation at $z<4.6$ and $M_{\rm halo}>10^{12} M_{\odot}/h$, and the accompanying framework for generating a new sample of radio galaxies from any halo catalog of positions, redshifts, and masses. Object fluxes are generated using a hybrid approach that combines (1) existing astrophysical halo models of radio galaxies from the literature to determine the positions and rank-ordering of the observed fluxes with …
Planck, SPT and ACT surveys have clearly demonstrated that Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, while optimised for cosmological measurements, have made important contributions to the field of extragalactic astrophysics in the last decade. Future CMB experiments have the potential to make even greater contributions. One example is the detection of high-z galaxies with extreme gravitational amplifications. The combination of flux boosting and of stretching of the images has allowed the investigation of the structure of galaxies at z ~3 with the astounding spatial resolution of about 6…
SPT-3G is the third survey receiver operating on the South Pole Telescope dedicated to high-resolution observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Sensitive measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB provide a powerful dataset for constraining cosmology. Additionally, CMB surveys with arcminute-scale resolution are capable of detecting galaxy clusters, millimeter-wave bright galaxies, and a variety of transient phenomena. The SPT-3G instrument provides a significant improvement in mapping speed over its predecessors, SPT-SZ and SPTpol. The broadband opt…
One of the main goals of Cosmology is to search for the imprint of primordial gravitational waves in the CMB polarisation field, to probe inflationary theories. One of the obstacles toward the detection of the primordial signal is to extract the B-mode polarisation from astrophysical contaminations. We present a complete analysis of extragalactic foreground contamination due to polarised emission of radio and dusty star-forming galaxies. We update or use up-to-date models that are validated using the most recent measurements. We predict the flux limit (confusion noise) for the future CMB space…
We present a new pipeline for the efficient generation of synthetic observations of the extragalactic microwave sky, tailored to large ground-based CMB experiments such as the Simons Observatory, Advanced ACTPol, SPT-3G, and CMB-S4. Such simulated observations are a key technical challenge in cosmology because of the dynamic range and accuracy required. The first part of the pipeline generates a random cosmological realization in the form of a dark matter halo catalog and matter displacement field, as seen from a given position. The halo catalog and displacement field are modeled with ellipsoi…
SPT-3G D1: Foreground-Robust Lensing Templates for Primordial Gravitational Wave Searches
Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University（斯坦福大学卡弗里粒子天体物理与宇宙学研究所）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（SLAC国家加速器实验室）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI)（NSF-西蒙斯天空人工智能研究所）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）
Millimeter-wave observations of Euclid Deep Field South using the South Pole Telescope: A data release of temperature maps and catalogs
University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所）；Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室）；Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität（慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；Universidad Diego Portales（迭戈·波特莱斯大学）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
SPT-3G D1: A Measurement of Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Power
University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；University of New Mexico（新墨西哥大学）
Characterization of the Polarization Beam Response of SPT-3G Using Point Sources
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构粒子核研究研究所）；International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (WPI-QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构宇宙与粒子研究量子场测量系统国际中心）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速实验室）；University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris（巴黎天体物理研究所）；University of New Mexico（新墨西哥大学）；Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）
Follow-up observations at high-angular resolution of submillimeter galaxies showed that the single-dish sources are comprised of a blend of several galaxies. Consequently, number counts derived from low and high angular resolution observations are in disagreement. This demonstrates the importance of resolution effects and the need to have realistic simulations to explore them. We built a new 2deg^2 simulation of the extragalactic sky from the far-infrared to the submillimeter. It is based on an updated version of the two star-formation mode galaxy evolution model. Using global galaxy propertie…
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Extragalactic Point Sources in the Southern Surveys at 150, 220 and 280 GHz observed between 2008-2010
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile（智利天主教 Pontificia 大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利群岛天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉古纳大学）；Sapienza - University of Rome（罗马智慧大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge（卡弗里宇宙学剑桥研究所）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；University of the Witwatersrand（威特沃特斯兰德大学）
Planck intermediate results. VII. Statistical properties of infrared and radio extragalactic sources from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue at frequencies between 100 and 857 GHz
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimiter Array (ALMA) high sensitivity ($σ_P \simeq 0.4\,$mJy) polarimetric observations at $97.5\,$GHz (Band 3) of a complete sample of $32$ extragalactic radio sources drawn from the faint Planck-ATCA Co-eval Observations (PACO) sample ($b<-75^\circ$, compact sources brighter than $200\,$mJy at $20\,$GHz). We achieved a detection rate of $~97\%$ at $3\,σ$ (only $1$ non-detection). We complement these observations with new Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) data between $2.1$ and $35\,$GHz obtained within a few months and with data published in e…
