Let $\fg$ be a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra with the standard Cartan subalgebra $\fh$ and the Weyl group $W$. Let $P_+$ be the set of dominant integral weights. For $λ\in P_+$, let $L(λ)$ be the irreducible, integrable, highest weight representation of $\fg$ with highest weight $λ$. For a positive integer $s$, define the {\em saturated tensor semigroup} as \begin{align*} Γ_s:= \{(λ_1, \dots, λ_s,μ)\in P_+^{s+1}: \exists\, N>1 \,\,\text{with}\,\, L(Nμ)\subset L(Nλ_1)\otimes \dots \otimes L(Nλ_s)\}. \end{align*} The aim of this paper is to begin a systematic study of $Γ_s$ in the infinite dimensional symmetrizable Kac-Moody case. In this paper, we produce a set of necessary inequalities satisfied by $Γ_s$. We further prove that any integer $d>0$ is a saturation factor for $A^{(1)}_1$ and 4 is a saturation factor for $A^{(2)}_2$.
Generalized root systems (GRS), that were introduced by V. Serganova, are a generalization of finite root systems (RS). We define a generalization of affine root systems (ARS), which we call $\textit{affine generalized root systems}$ (AGRS). The set of real roots of almost every symmetrizable affine indecomposable Kac-Moody superalgebra is an irreducible AGRS. In this paper we classify all AGRSs and show that almost every irreducible AGRS is the set of real roots of a symmetrizable affine indecomposable Kac-Moody superalgebra.
We introduce a generalization of the classical Hall-Littlewood and Kostka-Foulkes polynomials to all symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras. We prove that these Kostka-Foulkes polynomials coincide with the natural generalization of Lusztig's $t$-analog of weight multiplicities, thereby extending a theorem of Kato. For $g$ an affine Kac-Moody algebra, we define $t$-analogs of string functions and use Cherednik's constant term identities to derive explicit product expressions for them.
We show that the structure of blocks outside the critical hyperplanes of category O over any symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra depends only on the corresponding integral Weyl group and its action on the parameters of the Verma modules by giving a combinatorial description of the projective objects. As an application we derive the Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture for non-integral blocks from the integral case in finite and affine situations.
Finite Root Sums in Symmetrizable Kac-Moody Algebras
New York City College of Technology, City University of New York（纽约市立大学纽约城市学院）；CUNY Graduate Center, City University of New York（纽约市立大学研究生中心）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）
In this paper we prove the Kazhdan-Lusztig type character formula for irreducible highest weight modules with positive rational highest weights over symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebras.
Kirillov-Reshetikhin and Levendorskii-Soibelman developed a formula for the universal R-matrix of the form R=(X^{-1} \otimes X^{-1}) Δ(X). The action of X on a representation V permutes weight spaces according to the longest element in the Weyl group, so is only defined in finite type. We give a similar formula which is valid for the quantized universal enveloping algebra of any symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra. This is done by replacing the action of X on V with an endomorphism that preserves weight spaces, but which is bar-linear instead of linear.
Generalizing the super duality formalism for finite-dimensional Lie superalgebras of type $ABCD$, we establish an equivalence between parabolic BGG categories of a Kac-Moody Lie superalgebra and a Kac-Moody Lie algebra. The characters for a large family of irreducible highest weight modules over a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie superalgebra are then given in terms of Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for the first time. We formulate a notion of integrable modules over a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie superalgebra via super duality, and show that these integrable modules form a semisimple tensor subcategor…
We construct the entire generalized Kac-Moody Lie algebra as a quotient of the positive part of another generalized Kac-Moody Lie algebra. The positive part of a generalized Kac-Moody Lie algebra can be constructed from representations of quivers using Ringel's Hall algebra construction. Thus we give a direct realization of the entire generalized Kac-Moody Lie algebra.
Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series, introduced by Brubaker, Bump, Chinta, Friedberg and Hoffstein, are expected to be Whittaker coefficients of Eisenstein series on metaplectic groups. Chinta and Gunnells constructed these multiple Dirichlet series for all the finite root systems using the method of averaging a Weyl group action on the field of rational functions. In this paper, we generalize Chinta and Gunnells' work and construct Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series for the root systems associated with symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras, and establish their functional equations and meromorph…
We introduce Koszul modules associated with (graded) Kac-Moody Lie algebras. We provide a precise criterion for when these modules are of finite length. As an exemplary application we deduce a bound on the dimension of the second graded component for a certain class of graded Kac-Moody Lie algebras. We also provide an exact description of all nilpotent Kac-Moody Koszul modules.
This paper classifies irreducible, integrable highest weight modules for "current Kac-Moody Algebras" with finite dimensional weight spaces. We prove that these modules turn out to be modules of appropriate direct sums of finitely many copies of Kac-Moody Lie algebras.
We show that the quiver Hecke superalgebras and their cyclotomic quotients provide a supercategorification of quantum Kac-Moody algebras and their integrable highest weight modules.
We consider a general parabolic category $\mathcal{O}_{S}$ over symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras. We introduce a reduction rule of hom-spaces between parabolic Verma modules over different Kac-Moody algebras which yield some applications on parabolic Verma module homomorphisms.
In the context of affine complex Kac-Moody algebras, we define the meaning of nilpotent orbits under the adjoint action of the maximal Kac-Moody group. We also give a parameterization of nilpotent orbits of $\mathfrak{sl}_n^{(1)}(\mathbb C)$.
In 2014, Braverman, Kazhdan, Patnaik and Bardy-Panse, Gaussent and Rousseau associated Iwahori-Hecke algebras to Kac-Moody groups over non-Archimedean local fields. In a previous paper, we defined and studied their principal series representations. In 1982, Kato provided an irreducibility criterion for these representations, in the reductive case. We had obtained partially this criterion in the Kac-Moody case. In this paper, we prove this criterion in the Kac-Moody case.
We construct a 2-category associated with a Kac-Moody algebra and we study its 2-representations. This generalizes earlier work with Chuang for type A. We relate categorifications relying on K_0 properties and 2-representations.
We consider epimorphisms from quantum minimal surface algebras onto involutroy subalgebras of split real simply-laced Kac-Moody algebras and provide examples of affine and finite type. We also provide epimorphisms onto such Kac-Moody algebras themselves, where reality of the construction is important. The results extend to the complex situation.
We define regular Kac-Moody superalgebras and classify them using integrable modules. We give conditions for irreducible highest weight modules of regular Kac-Moody superalgebras to be integrable. This paper is a major part of the proof for the classification of finite-growth contragredient Lie superalgebras.
We interpret and develop a theory of loop algebras as torsors (principal homogeneous spaces) over Laurent polynomial rings . As an application, we recover Kac's realization of affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras.
Let $\g$ be an arbitrary Kac-Moody algebra with a Cartan sualgebra $\h$. In this paper, we determine the category of $\g$-modules that are free $U(\h)$-modules of rank 1.
Recently, Iwahori-Hecke algebras were associated to Kac-Moody groups over non-Archimedean local fields. We introduce principal series representations for these algebras. We study these representations and partially generalize Kato and Matsumoto irreducibility criteria.
We study representations of the Loop Kac-Moody Lie algebra g \otimes A, where g is any Kac-Moody algebra and A is a ring of Laurent polynomials in n commuting variables. In particular, we study representations with finite dimensional weight spaces and their graded versions. When we specialize g to be a finite dimensional or affine Lie algebra we obtain modules for toroidal Lie algebras.
It is shown that any generalized Kac-Moody Lie algebra g that has no mutually orthogonal imaginary simple roots can be written as the vector space direct sum of a Kac-Moody subalgebra and subalgebras isomorphic to free Lie algebras over certain modules for the Kac-Moody subalgebra. Also included is a detailed discussion of Borcherds' construction of the Monster Lie algebra from a vertex algebra and an elementary proof of Borcherds' theorem relating Lie algebras with `an almost positive definite bilinear form' to generalized Kac-Moody algebras. (Preprint version 1996)
The Kac-Moody correction factor, first studied by Macdonald in the affine case, corrects the failure of an identity found by Macdonald in finite-dimensional root systems in 1972. Subsequntly this factor appeared in several formulas in the affine or Kac-Moody analogue of $p$-adic spherical theory for reductive groups. In this article we view the inverse of this correction factor as a function, prove the convergency and holomorphy of this function on a certain domain.
Let $U_q(\g)$ be a quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebra and let $V(Λ)$ be the integrable highest weight $U_q(\g)$-module with highest weight $Λ$. We prove that the cyclotomic Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebra $R^Λ$ provides a categorification of $V(Λ)$.
There exist principal $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ subalgebras for hyperbolic Kac-Moody Lie algebras. In the case of rank 2 symmetric hyperbolic Kac-Moody Lie algebras, certain $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ subalgebras are constructed. These subalgebras are generalizations of principal $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ subalgebras. We show that the rank 2 symmetric hyperbolic Kac-Moody Lie algebras themselves are irreducibly decomposed under the action of this $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ subalgebras. Furthermore, we classify irreducible components of the decomposition. In particular, we obtain multiplicities of unitary principal series and c…
We give a proof of the parabolic/singular Koszul duality for the category O of affine Kac-Moody algebras. The main new tool is a relation between moment graphs and finite codimensional affine Schubert varieties. We apply this duality to q-Schur algebras and to cyclotomic rational double affine Hecke algebras.
The restricted category O at the critical level over an affine Kac-Moody algebra is a certain subcategory of the ordinary BGG-category O. We study a deformed version introduced by Arakawa and Fiebig and calculate the center of the deformed restricted category O.
A correction factor naturally arises in the theory of p-adic Kac--Moody groups. In this paper, we expand the correction factor into a sum of irreducible characters of the underlying Kac--Moody algebra. We derive a formula for the coefficients, which lie in the ring of power series with integral coefficients. In the case that the Weyl group is a universal Coxeter group, we show that the coefficients are actually polynomials.
We determine the Lie subalgebra $\mathfrak{g}_{nil}$ of a Borcherds symmetrizable generalized Kac-Moody Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ generated by $ad$-locally nilpotent elements and show that it is `essentially' the same as the Levi subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ with its simple roots precisely the real simple roots of $\mathfrak{g}$.
We study Lusztig's t-analog of weight multiplicities associated to level one representations of twisted affine Kac-Moody algebras. An explicit closed form expression is obtained for the corresponding t-string function using constant term identities of Macdonald and Cherednik. The closed form involves the generalized exponents of the graded pieces of the twisted affine algebra, considered as modules for the underlying finite dimensional simple Lie algebra. This extends previous work on level 1 t-string functions for the untwisted simply-laced affine Kac-Moody algebras.
For a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, the Jacobson--Morozov theorem gives a construction of subalgebras $\mathfrak{sl}_2 \subset \mathfrak{g}$ corresponding to nilpotent elements of $\mathfrak{g}$. In this note, we propose an extension of the Jacobson--Morozov theorem to the symmetrizable Kac--Moody setting and give a proof of this generalization in the case of rank two hyperbolic Kac--Moody algebras. We also give a proof for an arbitrary symmetrizable Kac--Moody algebra under some stronger restrictions.
Kashiwara and Saito have a geometric construction of the infinity crystal for any symmetric Kac-Moody algebra. The underlying set consists of the irreducible components of Lusztig's quiver varieties, which are varieties of nilpotent representations of a pre-projective algebra. We generalize this to symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras by replacing Lusztig's preprojective algebra with a more general one due to Dlab and Ringel. In non-symmetric types we are forced to work over non-algebraically-closed fields.
We look to gradations of Kac-Moody Lie algebras by Kac-Moody root systems with finite dimensional weight spaces. We extend, to general Kac-Moody Lie algebras, the notion of C-admissible pair as introduced by H. Rubenthaler and J. Nervi for semi-simple and affine Lie algebras. If g is a Kac-Moody Lie algebra (with Dynkin diagram indexed by I) and (I,J) is such a C-admissible pair, we construct a C-admissible subalgebra g^J, which is a Kac-Moody Lie algebra of the same type as g, and whose root system Σgrades finitely the Lie algebra g. For an admissible quotient ρ: I \rightarrow I we build also…
In this paper we have computed all the affine Kac-Moody symmetric spaces which are tame Frechet manifolds starting from the Vogan diagrams related to the affine untwisted Kac-Moody algebras. The detail computation of affine Kac-Moody symmetric spaces associated with A_1^(1) and A_2^(1) are shown algebraically to corroborate our method.
The paper is motivated by an analogy between cluster algebras and Kac-Moody algebras: both theories share the same classification of finite type objects by familiar Cartan-Killing types. However the underlying combinatorics beyond the two classifications is different: roughly speaking, Kac-Moody algebras are associated with (symmetrizable) Cartan matrices, while cluster algebras correspond to skew-symmetrizable matrices. We study an interplay between the two classes of matrices, in particular, establishing a new criterion for deciding whether a given skew-symmetrizable matrix gives rise to a c…
In this paper, we give polyhedral realization of the crystal $B(\infty)$ of $U_q^-(\mathfrak g)$ for the generalized Kac-Moody algebras. As applications, we give explicit descriptions of crystals for the generalized Kac-Moody algebras of rank 2, 3 and {\it Monster Lie algebras}.
Riemannian symmetric spaces are fundamental objects in finite dimensional differential geometry. An important problem is the construction of symmetric spaces for generalizations of simple Lie groups, especially their closest infinite dimensional analogues known as Kac-Moody groups. We solve this problem and construct affine Kac-Moody symmetric spaces in a series of several papers. This paper focuses on the algebraic side: More precisely, we introduce OSAKAs, the algebraic structures used to describe the connection between affine Kac-Moody symmetric spaces and affine Kac-Moody algebras and desc…
In this paper we discuss the "Factorization phenomenon" which occurs when a representation of a Lie algebra is restricted to a subalgebra, and the result factors into a tensor product of smaller representations of the subalgebra. We analyze this phenomenon for symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras (including finite-dimensional, semi-simple Lie algebras). We present a few factorization results for a general embedding of a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra into another and provide an algebraic explanation for such a phenomenon using Spin construction. We also give some application of these results for …
In this paper we give top most and least indices of non vanishing cohomology modules of line bundles in the Kac Moody setting in terms of Weyl group combinatorics. We also prove a surjection Theorem.
Given an affine Kac-Moody algebra, we explain how to construct a coproduct for its associated Yangian. In order to prove that this coproduct is an algebra homomorphism, we obtain, in the first half of this paper, a minimalistic presentation of the Yangian when the Kac-Moody algebra is, more generally, symmetrizable.
By a generalized Tannaka-Krein reconstruction we associate to the admissible representations of the category O of a Kac-Moody algebra, and its category of admissible duals a monoid with a coordinate ring. The Kac-Moody group is the Zariski open dense unit group of this monoid. The restriction of the coordinate ring to the Kac-Moody group is the algebra of strongly regular functions introduced by Kac and Peterson. This monoid has similar structural properties as a reductive algebraic monoid. In particular it is unit regular, its idempotents related to the faces of the Tits cone. It has Bruhat a…
We introduce generalizations of Kac-Moody 2-categories in which the quiver Hecke algebras of Khovanov, Lauda and Rouquier are replaced by the quiver Hecke superalgebras of Kang, Kashiwara and Tsuchioka.
We provide a geometric realization of the crystal $B(\infty)$ for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras in terms of the irreducible components of certain Lagrangian subvarieties in the representation spaces of a quiver.
We described in [M1] a monoid acting on the integrable highest weight modules of a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra. It has similar structural properties as a reductive algebraic monoid with unit group a Kac-Moody group. Now we find natural extensions of the action of the Kac-Moody group on its building to actions of this monoid. These extensions are partly motivated by representation theory and the combinatorics of the faces of the Tits cone.
We define the spherical Hecke algebra for an (untwisted) affine Kac-Moody group over a local non-archimedian field. We prove a generalization of the Satake isomorphism for these algebras, relating it to integrable representations of the Langlands dual affine Kac-Moody group. In the next publication we shall use these results to define and study the notion of Hecke eigenfunction for the group $G_{\aff}$
Using vertex operators, we build representations of the Yangian of a simply laced Kac-Moody algebra and of its double. As a corollary, we prove the PBW property for simply laced affine Yangians.
