We perform an exact diagonalization study of the topological order in topological flat band models through calculating entanglement entropy and spectra of low energy states. We identify multiple independent minimal entangled states, which form a set of orthogonal basis states for the ground-state manifold. We extract the modular transformation matrices S (U) which contains the information of mutual (self) statistics, quantum dimensions and fusion rule of quasi-particles. Moreover, we demonstrate that these matrices are robust and universal in the whole topological phase against different perturbations until the quantum phase transition takes place.
We investigate the response to modular transformations and the fractional statistics of Abelian multi-component fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states. In particular, we analytically derive the modular matrices encoding the statistics of anyonic excitations for general Halperin states using the conformal field theories (CFTs). We validate our theory by several microscopic examples, including the spin-singlet state using anyon condensation picture and the Halperin (221) state in a topological flat-band lattice model using numerical calculations. Our results, uncovering that the modular matrices a…
A formalism is developed for the rigorous study of solvable fractional quantum Hall parent Hamiltonians with Landau level mixing. The idea of organization through "generalized Pauli principles" is expanded to allow for root level entanglement, giving rise to "entangled Pauli principles". Through the latter, aspects of the effective field theory description become ingrained in exact microscopic solutions for a great wealth of phases for which no similar single Landau level description is known. We discuss in detail braiding statistic, edge theory, and rigorous zero mode counting for the Jain-22…
We introduce and prove the "root theorem", which establishes a condition for families of operators to annihilate all root states associated with zero modes of a given positive semi-definite $k$-body Hamiltonian chosen from a large class. This class is motivated by fractional quantum Hall and related problems, and features generally long-ranged, one-dimensional, dipole-conserving terms. Our theorem streamlines analysis of zero-modes in contexts where "generalized" or "entangled" Pauli principles apply. One major application of the theorem is to parent Hamiltonians for mixed Landau-level wave fu…
Modular transformation and bosonic/fermionic topological orders in Abelian fractional quantum Hall states
稳健简并基态的非阿贝尔几何相位是1990年提出的一种物理可测的拓扑序定义性质。本文以一般的阿贝尔分数量子霍尔态为例，详细讨论了拓扑序的这种定量表征。我们找到了一种方法，甚至确定纯U（1）的非阿贝尔几何相位。我们发现，非阿贝尔几何相位不仅包含有关准粒子统计的信息，它们还包含有关手性中心荷Δ c mod 24的边缘状态，以及霍尔粘度的信息。因此，非阿贝尔几何相位（阿贝尔部分和非阿贝尔部分）提供了一个相当完整的方法来表征二维拓扑序。
There has been a great interest in magnetic field induced quantum spin liquids in Kitaev magnets after the discovery of neutron scattering continuum and half quantized thermal Hall conductivity in the material $α$-RuCl$_3$. In this work, we provide a semiclassical analysis of the relevant theoretical models on large system sizes, and compare the results to previous studies on quantum models with small system sizes. We find a series of competing magnetic orders with fairly large unit cells at intermediate magnetic fields, which are most likely missed by previous approaches. We show that quantum…
Quantum Hall inter-plateaux transitions are physical exemplars of quantum phase transitions. Near each of these transitions, the measured electrical conductivity scales with the same correlation length and dynamical critical exponents, i.e., the critical points are superuniversal. In apparent contradiction to these experiments, prior theoretical studies of quantum Hall phase transitions within the framework of Abelian Chern-Simons theory coupled to matter found correlation length exponents that depend on the value of the quantum critical Hall conductivity. Here, we use non-Abelian bosonization…
我们展示了如何模块化对称性，已被发现是符合最可用的缩放数据从量子霍尔系统，来自一个刚性的椭圆型代数曲线的家庭。描述标度数据所需的复杂特殊函数以简单而透明的方式从这些\emph{quantum Hall curves}的群论和几何中产生。因此，重整化群势自然地出现在几何背景中，补充了我们在同伴论文[Phys. Rev. B 85，155123（2012）]中发现的现象学。我们展示了椭圆曲线的代数几何如何有效地分析特定的标度数据，提取输运系数的模对称性，并使用这些信息将给定的系统拟合到一维（真实）曲线族中，这些曲线族可以模拟量子霍尔系统的所有普适性质。
We study fermionic matrix product operator algebras and identify the associated algebraic data. Using this algebraic data we construct fermionic tensor network states in two dimensions that have non-trivial symmetry-protected or intrinsic topological order. The tensor network states allow us to relate physical properties of the topological phases to the underlying algebraic data. We illustrate this by calculating defect properties and modular matrices of supercohomology phases. Our formalism also captures Majorana defects as we show explicitly for a class of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry-protected a…
We proposed an entangled multi-knot lattice model to explore the exotic statistics of anyon. This knot lattice model bears abelian and non-abelian anyons as well as integral and fractional filling states that is similar to quantum Hall system. The fusion rules of anyon are explicitly demonstrated by braiding on crossing states of the multi-knot lattice. The statistical character of anyon is quantified by topological linking number of multi-knot link. Long-range coupling interaction is a fundamental character of this knot lattice model. The short range coupling models, such as Ising model, ferm…
Topological quantum liquids contain internal degrees of freedom that are coupled to geometric response. Yet, an explicit and microscopic identification of geometric response remains difficult. Here, taking notable fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states as typical examples, we systematically investigate a promising protocol -- the Dehn twist deformation on the torus geometry, to probe the geometric response of correlated topological states and establish the relation between such response and the universal properties of pertinent states. Based on analytical derivations and numerical simulations, w…
We present an approach to identify topological order based on unbiased infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) simulations, i.e. where we do not impose a virtual symmetry on the tensors during the optimization of the tensor network ansatz. As an example we consider the ground state of the toric code model in a magnetic field exhibiting $Z_2$ topological order. The optimization is done by an efficient energy minimization approach based on a summation of tensor environments to compute the gradient. We show that the optimized tensors, when brought into the right gauge, are approximately …
We investigate symmetry-preserving gapped boundary of (2+1)D topological phases with global symmetry, which can be either bosonic or fermionic. We develop a general algebraic description for gapped boundary condition for symmetry-enriched or fermionic topological phases, extending the framework of Lagrangian algebra anyon for bosonic phases without symmetry. We then focus on application to the case with U(1) symmetry. We derive new obstructions to symmetry-preserving gapped boundary for U(1)$^f$-symmetric (2+1)D fermionic topological phases, which are beyond chiral central charge $c_-$ and ele…
We propose a new formula that extracts the quantum Hall conductance from a single (2+1)D gapped wavefunction. The formula applies to general many-body systems that conserve particle number, and is based on the concept of modular flow: i.e., unitary dynamics generated from the entanglement structure of the wavefunction. The formula is shown to satisfy all formal properties of the Hall conductance: it is odd under time-reversal and reflection, even under charge conjugation, universal and topologically rigid in the thermodynamic limit. Further evidence for relating the formula to the Hall conduct…
We analyze the effects of the long-range Coulomb interaction on the distribution of Berry curvature among the bands near charge neutrality of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) closely aligned with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Due to the suppressed dispersion of the narrow bands, the band structure is strongly renormalized by electron-electron interactions, and thus, the associated topological properties of the bands are sensitive to filling. Using a Hartree formalism, we calculate the linear and nonlinear Hall conductivities, and find that for certain fillings, the remote bands contribute subst…
Generally speaking, the entanglement entropy (EE) between two subregions of a gapped quantum many-body state is proportional to the area/length of their interface due to the short range quantum correlation. However, the so-called area law is violated logarithmically in a quantum critical phase. Moreover, the subleading correction exists in a long range entangled topological phases. It is referred to as topological EE which is related to the quantum dimension of the collective excitation in the bulk. Further more, if a non-smooth sharp angle is in the presence of the subsystem boundary, a unive…
Quantum Hall (QH) states are arguably the most ubiquitous examples of nontrivial topological order, requiring no special symmetry and elegantly characterized by the first Chern number. Their higher dimension generalizations are particularly interesting from both mathematical and phenomenological perspectives, and have attracted recent attention due to a few high profile experimental realizations. In this work, we derive from first principles the electromagnetic response of QH systems in arbitrary number of dimensions, and elaborate on the crucial roles played by their modified phase space dens…
We study many-body ground states for the partial integer fillings of the $N=1$ Landau level in graphene, by constructing a model that accounts for the lattice scale corrections to the Coulomb interactions. Interestingly, in contrast to the $N=0$ Landau level, this model contains not only pure delta function interactions but also some of its derivatives. Due to this we find several important differences with respect to the $N=0$ Landau level. For example at quarter filling when only a single component is filled, there is a degeneracy lifting of the quantum hall ferromagnets and ground states wi…
Hall viscosity, also known as the Lorentz shear modulus, has been proposed as a topological property of a quantum Hall fluid. Using a recent formulation of the composite fermion theory on the torus, we evaluate the Hall viscosities for a large number of fractional quantum Hall states at filling factors of the form $ν=n/(2pn\pm 1)$, where $n$ and $p$ are integers, from the explicit wave functions for these states. The calculated Hall viscosities $η^A$ agree with the expression $η^A=(\hbar/4) {\cal S}ρ$, where $ρ$ is the density and ${\cal S}=2p\pm n$ is the "shift" in the spherical geometry. We…
Entangled Moire Chern Insulator in Rhombohedral Graphene
Peking University（北京大学）；National Institute of Material Sciences（国立材料研究所）；Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter（量子物质协同创新中心）；Hefei National Laboratory（合肥国家实验室）
Conformal field theory approach to gapless 1D fermion systems and application to the edge excitations of nu = 1/(2p+1) quantum Hall sequences
我们提出了一个全面的研究有效的共形场论（CFT）描述的低能量激发的气体无自旋相互作用费米子在一个圆上的无隙制度（Luttinger液体）。函数技术和模块化的转换属性被用来计算所有的关联函数在有限的大小和在有限的温度。前向散射无序被精确地处理。在此框架内，电荷输运的量子霍尔流体的圆柱上的Laughlin实验进行了审查。边缘激发以上一个给定的体激发描述的扭曲版本的Luttinger有效理论。对应于nu =1/（2 p +1）填充分数的Luttinger CFTs似乎是有理CFTs（RCFT）。生成器的扩展对称代数被确定为边缘费米子的创造者和零化子，从而给出了一个物理意义的RCFT的角度来看，这些序列的边缘激发。
The black hole information paradox has been hotly debated for the last few decades, without full resolution. This makes it desirable to find analogs of this paradox in simple and experimentally accessible systems, whose resolutions may shed light on this long-standing and fundamental problem. Here we identify and resolve an apparent "information paradox" in a quantum Hall interface between the Halperin-331 and Pfaffian states. Information carried by the pseudospin degree of freedom of the Abelian 331 quasiparticles gets scrambled when they cross the interface to enter non-Abelian Pfaffian stat…
We consider a (2+1) dimensional Wilson-Fisher boson coupled to a (3+1) dimensional U(1) gauge field. This theory possesses a strong-weak duality in terms of the coupling constant e, and is self-dual at a particular value of $e$. We derive exact relations between transport coefficients for a $ν=1$ quantum Hall state at the self-dual point. Using boson-fermion duality, we map the $ν=1$ bosonic quantum Hall state to a Fermi sea of the dual fermion, and observed that the exact relationships between transport coefficients at the bosonic self-dual point are reproduced by a simple random phase approx…
A quantum teleportation between two quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) rings is proposed. A qubit state is generated in the first QSHI ring and the second is used as a quantum channel in entangled QSHI state. In the intersection of outer edges is placed a joint detector, allowing a Bell state analysis. After the Bell state measurement, Alice, that is composed originally of a qubit in the first QSHI ring and one spin state in the second QSHI ring, allows Bob, that is composed of the other spin edge state in the second QSHI ring, to realize the corresponding control of the tunneling amplitudes i…
